Exploring the optimized social advertising strategy that can generate consumer engagement with green messages on social media - Kyu Kim, Young; Yim, Mark Yi-Cheon; Kim, Eunjin; Reeves, William (Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 2020)
Purpose: Given that many consumers are skeptical about environmentally based advertising campaigns, the purpose of this study is to propose an optimized message strategy to facilitate consumer engagement with green messages in social media contexts. Design/methodology/approach: Four empirical studies are conducted using self-report questionnaires to test proposed hypotheses with a focus on the interplay between claim specificity and benefit appeals in green advertising on social media. Findings: The current study examines the interaction effects of claim specificity and benefit appeals on consumer engagement in social media. Specifically, the results reveal that when the message claim is abstract, using other-benefit appeals produces more positive consumer engagement than using self-benefit appeals. Moreover, the results illustrate that self-enhancement motivates consumers to engage with green product advertising messages when the advertising appeal is abstract and the advertising message is associated with benefits for others. Finally, it is found that consumers’ self-construal level moderates the interaction effect of claim specificity and benefit appeals type on consumer engagement on social media. Practical implications: This paper has practical implications to both social media managers and advertisers in the green product industry: a match with advertising claim specificity and construal level (i.e. social distance: self-benefit vs other-benefit) should be ensured to increase consumer engagement on social media. In addition, self-enhancement and self-construal should be considered for a better message strategy in social media contexts. Originality/value: The findings make important contributions to the literature in that we extend the applications of construal level theory to social media contexts as a valid theoretical tool to identify optimized green message strategies. As such, it provides future researchers and practitioners in the domain of green campaigns with useful guidelines to boost more consumption of green products. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Keywords: Online consumer behavior; Social media advertising; dept.mkt; peer-reviewed

The Promise of Automated Home-Cage Monitoring in Improving Translational Utility of Psychiatric Research in Rodents. - Mingrone, Alfred; Kaffman, Ayal; Kaffman, Arie (Frontiers in neuroscience, 2020)
Large number of promising preclinical psychiatric studies in rodents later fail in clinical trials, raising concerns about the efficacy of this approach to generate novel pharmacological interventions. In this mini-review we argue that over-reliance on behavioral tests that are brief and highly sensitive to external factors play a critical role in this failure and propose that automated home-cage monitoring offers several advantages that will increase the translational utility of preclinical psychiatric research in rodents. We describe three of the most commonly used approaches for automated home cage monitoring in rodents [e.g., operant wall systems (OWS), computerized visual systems (CVS), and automatic motion sensors (AMS)] and review several commercially available systems that integrate the different approaches. Specific examples that demonstrate the advantages of automated home-cage monitoring over traditional tests of anxiety, depression, cognition, and addiction-like behaviors are highlighted. We conclude with recommendations on how to further expand this promising line of preclinical research. Copyright © 2020 Mingrone, Kaffman and Kaffman.
Keywords: Actual-HCA; Chora feeder; Intellicage system; PhenoTyper; Review; addiction; anxiety disorder; automated home cage monitoring; automation; behavioral science; cognition; depression; dept.psy; monitoring; nonhuman; peer-reviewed; preclinical study; psychiatry; rodent; rodents; translational research

Foreword - Rowe, William (Management and Leadership in Social Work: A Competency-Based Approach, 2020)
Keywords: dept.swk; ⛔ No DOI found

Assessing the resiliency of salt marshes under increasing nitrogen loading - Crosby, Sarah C.; Spiller, Nicole C.; Healy, Devan S.; Brideau, Lauren; Stewart, Luke M.; Vaudrey, Jamie M.P.; Tietz, Kasey E.; Fraboni, Peter J. (Estuaries and Coasts, 2021)
Understanding the threat to ecosystems from excess nitrogen in coastal waters is a priority issue in scientific research and natural resource management. Previous field studies have demonstrated that high nitrogen loading can decrease the health and resiliency of salt marshes through shifting biomass allocation, increasing decomposition, and causing creek bank instability, all of which can lead to increased marsh loss with sea-level rise. However, other studies have shown relatively little impact of increasing nitrogen on the structure and function of these systems. Due to the long history of eutrophication in Long Island Sound, aggressive nitrogen reduction strategies have been enacted in this region, but detrimental nutrient inputs persist at variable levels throughout the watershed. Here, the extent of nitrogen-linked salt marsh change under varying levels of nutrient stress was measured, testing the hypothesis that salt marsh resilience (as measured by Spartina alterniflora belowground biomass and marsh edge stability) decreases with increasing nitrogen loading. S. alterniflora growth (stem height, stem density, and biomass) and within-marsh creek area were quantified in 10 salt marshes along a nitrogen-loading gradient. Increasing nitrogen loading showed a significant negative relationship with dead belowground biomass in S. alterniflora; the loss of this belowground biomass in higher nitrogen systems may decrease salt marshes’ ability to keep pace with sea-level rise. Neither shifts in live biomass allocation nor a positive relationship between aboveground biomass or stem height and increasing nitrogen was observed that might promote additional sediment capture, but higher stem density could play a role in promoting sedimentation on the marsh surface in more sediment-rich systems. Aerial photography analysis revealed marsh creek expansion since 1934 at 90% of the marshes studied, but unlike findings from prior experimental enrichment studies, the rate of marsh loss did not increase with increasing nitrogen loading. Given the importance of these ecosystems and the potential of nitrogen to decrease their resiliency, understanding the impacts of eutrophication on salt marshes is critical. However, these results show that the relative importance of nitrogen in driving salt marsh loss in Long Island Sound may be less than studies from other regions have suggested. © 2021, Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation.
Keywords: Spartina alterniflora; dept.egm; peer-reviewed

A PEP grant’s influence on change in a school district: One year post funding - Egan, Cate A.; Abel-Berei, Catherine P.; Karp, Grace Goc (Evaluation and program planning, 2021)
This study examined teachers' and administrators' perceptions of the institutionalization phase of the Carol M. White Physical Education for Progress (PEP) grant. A qualitative exploratory single case study (Yin, 2014) was utilized to examine the elements of the PEP grant that sustained or did not sustain after its conclusion, along with elements that were institutionalized and influences on this process. The findings were represented in the following three themes: (a) positive shifts, (b) backsliding, and (c) new directions, each with their own subthemes. Positive shifts includes sub-themes: (a) philosophy, (b) instruction, assessment and curriculum, (c) collaboration, and (d) respect. Backsliding includes sub-themes: (a) wellness team functioning, (b) the loss of PD and collaboration time, and (c) reduced data collection. New directions includes sub-themes: (a) mastery learning, (b) during school physical activity, (c) stress, and (d) administrative support. The factors that were institutionalized were quality physical education leadership roles, change in teachers' philosophies that influenced their instruction and assessment, and garnered administrative support. These elements were embedded into the physical education program and the school so much so that principals now expect the same type of programming from any new hire. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: administration; administrative personnel; article; curriculum; dept.hms; funding; health education; human; human experiment; institutional framework; institutionalization; leadership; learning; peer-reviewed; perception; philosophy; physical activity; physical education; physiological stress; primary education; single-case study; student; teacher; teaching

Current activities centered on healthy living and recommendations for the future: A position statement from the HL-PIVOT network - Arena, Ross; Myers, Jonathan; Kaminsky, Leonard A.; Williams, Mark A.; Sabbahi, Ahmad; Popovic, Dejana; Axtell, Robert S.; Faghy, Mark A.; Hills, Andrew P.; Olivares, Silvia Lizett Olivares; Lopez, Mildred; Pronk, Nicolaas P.; et al. (Current Problems in Cardiology, 2021)
We continue to increase our cognizance and recognition of the importance of healthy living (HL) behaviors and HL medicine (HLM) to prevent and treat chronic disease. The continually unfolding events precipitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have further highlighted the importance of HL behaviors, as indicated by the characteristics of those who have been hospitalized and died from this viral infection. There has already been recognition that leading a healthy lifestyle, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, may have a substantial protective effect in those who become infected with the virus. Now more than ever, HL behaviors and HLM are essential and must be promoted with a renewed vigor across the globe. In response to the rapidly evolving world since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the clear need to change lifestyle behaviors to promote human resilience and quality of life, the HL for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) network was established. The 4 major areas of focus for the network are: (1) knowledge discovery and dissemination; (2) education; (3) policy; (4) implementation. This HL-PIVOT network position statement provides a current synopsis of the major focus areas of the network, including leading research in the field of HL behaviors and HLM, examples of best practices in education, policy, and implementation, and recommendations for the future. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Keywords: Biomedical Research; COVID-19; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Exercise; Health Education; Health Policy; Healthy; Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Implementation Science; Information Dissemination; Obesity; Patient Education as Topic; Quality of Life; Review; Risk Reduction Behavior; SARS-CoV-2; Sedentary Behavior; Smoking Cessation; Type 2; body mass; cardiorespiratory fitness; chronic disease; coronavirus disease 2019; dept.hms; education; epidemiology; exercise; health; health behavior; health care personnel; health care planning; health care policy; health education; health promotion; healthy diet; healthy lifestyle; healthy living medicine; human; information dissemination; knowledge; knowledge discovery; law; lifestyle; medical research; medicine; non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; nutrition; obesity; pandemic; patient education; peer-reviewed; physical activity; psychological resilience; quality of life; risk reduction; sedentary lifestyle; sleep; smoking cessation; syndemic; unhealthy lifestyle behavior

Stakeholders’ perspectives on the effects of a PEP grant on a district-wide CSPAP - Abel-Berei, Catherine P.; Karp, Grace Goc; Fennell, Marcis; Drake, Elisa M.; Olsen, Simon (Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 2021)
A Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) can help children be physically active for 60 min/day. Physical Education for Progress grants provided opportunities to improve physical education and physical activity programming. Purpose: This study explored stakeholders' perspectives on the effects of a Physical Education for Progress grant on a district-wide CSPAP. Method: Stakeholders included physical educators (n = 10; K-12), administrators (n = 6), and one superintendent. Individual, semistructured interviews were used to examine how the grant affected stakeholders' perspectives of the CSPAP. Results: The grant affected the CSPAP by providing (a) opportunities for professional development, (b) opportunities to establish a K-12 curriculum map, and (c) access to equipment and resources. Discussion: Framed in social ecological theory, intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, and community levels were influenced by the grant. Interactions between levels enabled changes in all CSPAP components, especially quality PE. Conclusion: A Physical Education for Progress grant is a successful mechanism to enhance a district-wide CSPAP. © 2021 Human Kinetics, Inc.
Keywords: dept.hms; peer-reviewed

Health in the Inca heartland: A paleopathological analysis of burials from the Cuzco region of Peru - Andrushko, Valerie A. (International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2021)
While much is known about the rise and expansion of the Inca Empire (AD 1438–1532) throughout the Andean region of South America, the health effects of the empire in its capital region remain unclear. The present study addresses the Inca Empire's impact on health in the Cuzco region of Peru through an analysis of four conditions (dental enamel hypoplasias, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis and periosteal lesions) in 929 pre-Inca and Inca burials. The study results show little change in health from the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1438) to the Inca Imperial Period (AD 1438–1532). When the location of the Inca burial sites was analysed, individuals from sites closest to the centre of the empire's capital showed lower frequencies in pathological conditions compared with individuals from sites in the countryside. These results suggest that individuals centred in the Inca imperial sphere benefited from their position and experienced better health. A similar finding was also seen with the previous Wari occupation of Cuzco in the Middle Horizon (AD 600–1000), as burials within the Wari imperial sphere exhibited fewer non-specific stress indicators than those outside of it. Overall, the frequencies of pathological conditions in the Cuzco region, which ranged from 4.6% for porotic hyperostosis to 18.8% for periosteal lesions, were lower than frequencies from many coastal Peruvian sites. These differences may relate to a diverse diet provided by the Cuzco region ecosystem, as well as the absence of ecological challenges that affected coastal populations. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keywords: dept.ant; peer-reviewed

Hybrid methods for locating and excavating early historical conflict-related domestic sites - Farley, William A.; McBride, Kevin A.; Willison, Megan K. (Historical Archaeology, 2021)
Since 2012, the Mashantucket Pequot Museum and Research Center in Mashantucket, Connecticut, in collaboration with the University of Connecticut, has carried out a research program to survey and document the battlefields of the Pequot War (1636–1637). The unique nature of the project has required the refinement of the long-standing field methods of battlefield archaeology. In this article, we argue that these techniques, while originally developed to explore sites of conflict, can be operationalized to locate 17th-century indigenous domestic sites. We describe this modified method and provide a site-specific case study to present its efficacy. © 2021, Society for Historical Archaeology.
Keywords: dept.ant; peer-reviewed

Ferrar large igneous province: petrology - Elliot, David H.; Fleming, Thomas H. (Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 2021)
The Lower Jurassic Ferrar Large Igneous Province consists predominantly of intrusive rocks, which crop out over a distance of 3500 km. In comparison, extrusive rocks are more restricted geographically. Geochemically, the province is divided into the Mount Fazio Chemical Type, forming more than 99% of the exposed province, and the Scarab Peak Chemical Type, which in the Ross Sea sector is restricted to the uppermost lava. The former exhibits a range of compositions (SiO2 = 52–59%; MgO = 9.2–2.6%; Zr = 60–175 ppm; Sri = 0.7081– 0.7138; εNd = −6.0 to −3.8), whereas the latter has a restricted composition (SiO2 = c. 58%; MgO = c. 2.3%; Zr = c. 230 ppm; Sri = 0.7090–0.7097; εNd = −4.4 to −4.1). Both chemical types are characterized by enriched initial isotope compositions of neodymium and strontium, low abundances of high field strength elements, and crust-like trace element patterns. The most basic rocks, olivine-bearing dolerites, indicate that these geochemical characteristics were inherited from a mantle source modified by subduction processes, possibly the incorporation of sediment. In one model, magmas were derived from a linear source having multiple sites of generation each of which evolved to yield, in sum, the province-wide coherent geochemistry. The preferred interpretation is that the remarkably coherent geochemistry and short duration of emplacement demonstrate derivation from a single source inferred to have been located in the proto-Weddell Sea region. The spatial variation in geochemical characteristics of the lavas suggests distinct magma batches erupted at the surface, whereas no clear geographical pattern is evident for intrusive rocks. © 2021. The Author(s).
Keywords: dept.esc; peer-reviewed

Ferrar large igneous province: volcanology - Elliot, David H.; White, James D. L.; Fleming, Thomas H. (Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 2021)
Preserved rocks in the Jurassic Ferrar Large Igneous Province consist mainly of intrusions, and extrusive rocks, the topic of this chapter, comprise the remaining small component. They crop out in a limited number of areas in the Transantarctic Mountains and southeastern Australia. They consist of thick sequences of lavas and sporadic occurrences of volcaniclastic rocks. The latter occur mainly beneath the lavas and represent the initial eruptive activity, but also are present within the lava sequence. The majority are basaltic phreatomagmatic deposits and in at least two locations form immense phreatocauldrons filled with structureless tuff breccias and lapilli tuffs with thicknesses of as much as 400 m. Stratified sequences of tuff breccias, lapilli tuffs and tuffs are up to 200 m thick. Thin tuff beds are sparsely distributed in the lava sequences. Lava successions are mainly 400–500 m thick, and comprise individual lavas ranging from 1 to 230 m thick, although most are in the range of 10–100 m. Well-defined colonnade and entablature are seldom displayed. Lava sequences were confined topographically and locally ponded. Water played a prominent role in eruptive activity, as exhibited by phreatomagmatism, hyaloclastites, pillow lava and quenching of lavas. Vents for lavas have yet to be identified. © 2021. The Author(s).
Keywords: dept.esc; peer-reviewed

Investigating prospective teachers’ TPACK and their use of mathematical action technologies as they create screencast video lessons on iPads - Bonafini, Fernanda Cesar; Lee, Younhee (TechTrends : for leaders in education & training, 2021)
The increasing number of technological devices available in schools, aligned with curriculum guidance, set an expectation for mathematics teachers to incorporate these devices into their teaching. This qualitative study investigated prospective teachers’ use of TPACK and mathematical action technologies as they created screencast video lessons using iPads. Results showed prospective teachers’ effective use of pedagogical techniques and the screencast app as an amplifier tool, according to the amplifier-reorganizer metaphor. Half of the participants used mathematics technology to confirm and expand the results they had found without technology. The other half had mathematics technology integrated into their solution exercising the balance among TPACK components. For some, their use of the mathematical tool had the potential of expanding the mathematical repertoire of virtual students. We conclude by making recommendations for teacher educators to implement cycles of learning for pre-service teachers to design, enact, and reflect upon the creation of screencast video lessons. © 2021, Association for Educational Communications & Technology.
Keywords: dept.mat; peer-reviewed

Plagiarism as a social contract, a new way to approach plagiarism - Gregory, Jess L. (Journal of Academic Ethics, 2021)
Most cases of plagiarism involve a power differential where not every person has the same ability to enter into a social contract. A social contract requires that each party understands the expectations or norms of the contract, has a voice in setting or changing the norms and has the ability to exit the contract. If those with less power want to gain power then they have to engage in activities bound by norms set by others with little or no ability to exit and no voice. Even if one determines that it is an option to choose a role that requires academic writing, even at the earliest grades, then the social contract demands a shared norm of what constitutes correct behavior. This study reviewed the abstracts of articles indexed in Google Scholar from 1999–2019 through the lens of integrative social contract theory (ISCT) and found, in the case of plagiarism, an existing consensus of correct behavior does not exist. Recommendations for establishing a social contract conclude the article.
Keywords: dept.edl; peer-reviewed

Multimodal person detection system - Barello, Philip; Hossain, Shafaeat (Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2021)
Person detection is often critical for personal safety, property protection, and national security. Most person detection technologies implement unimodal classification, making predictions based on a single sensor data modality, which is most often vision. There are many ways to defeat unimodal person detectors, and many more reasons to ensure technologies responsible for detecting the presence of a person are accurate and precise. In this paper, we design and implement a multimodal person detection system which can acquire data from multiple sensors and detect persons based on a variety of unimodal classifications and multimodal fusions. We present two methods of generating system-level predictions: (1) device perspectives which makes a final decision based on multiple device-level predictions and (2) system perspectives which combines data samples from multiple devices into a single data sample and then makes a decision. Our experimental results show that system-level predictions from system perspectives are generally more accurate than system-level predictions from device perspectives. We achieve an accuracy of 100%, zero false positive rate and zero false negative rate with fusion of system perspectives motion and distance data. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.
Keywords: Design and implements; False negative rate; False positive rates; Forecasting; Generating system; Multi-modal fusion; Multiple devices; National security; Person detection; Property protection; dept.csc; peer-reviewed

Risk factors and comorbidities associated to cardiovascular disease in qatar: A machine learning based case-control study - Al-Absi, Hamada R. H.; Refaee, Mahmoud Ahmed; Rehman, Atiq ur; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul; Belhaouari, Samir Brahim; Alam, Tanvir (IEEE access : practical innovations, open solutions, 2021)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is reported to be the leading cause of mortality in the middle eastern countries, including Qatar. But no comprehensive study has been conducted on the Qatar specific CVD risk factors identification. The objective of this case-control study was to develop machine learning (ML) model distinguishing healthy individuals from people having CVD, which could ultimately reveal the list of potential risk factors associated to CVD in Qatar. To the best of our knowledge, this study considered the largest collection of biomedical measurements representing the anthropometric measurements, clinical biomarkers, bioimpedance, spirometry, VICORDER readings, and behavioral factors of the CVD group from Qatar Biobank (QBB). CatBoost model achieved 93% accuracy, thereby outperforming the existing model for the same purpose. Interestingly, combining multimodal datasets into the proposed ML model outperformed the ML model built upon currently known risk factors for CVD, emphasizing the importance of incorporating other clinical biomarkers into consideration for CVD diagnosis plan. The ablation study on the multimodal dataset from QBB revealed that physio-clinical and bioimpedance measurements have the most distinguishing power to classify these two groups irrespective of gender and age of the participants. Multiple feature subset selection techniques confirmed known CVD risk factors (blood pressure, lipid profile, smoking, sedentary life, and diabetes), and identified potential novel risk factors linked to CVD-related comorbidities such as renal disorder (e.g., creatinine, uric acid, homocysteine, albumin), atherosclerosis (intima media thickness), hypercoagulable state (fibrinogen), and liver function (e.g., alkaline phosphate, gamma-glutamyl transferase). Moreover, the inclusion of the proposed novel factors into the ML model provides better performance than the model with traditional known risk factors for CVD. The association of the proposed risk factors and comorbidities are required to be investigated in clinical setup to understand their role in CVD better. © 2013 IEEE.
Keywords: Anthropometric measurement; Anthropometry; Bioimpedance measurement; Biomarkers; Biomedical measurements; Blood pressure; Cardiology; Cardiovascular disease; Classification (of information); Diagnosis; Disease control; Diseases; Healthy individuals; Intima-media thickness; Machine learning; Multi-modal dataset; Multimodal datasets; Turing machines; dept.csc; peer-reviewed

Open code biometric tap pad for smartphones - Haberfeld, Carl; Hossain, Shafaeat; Lancor, Lisa (Journal of Information Security and Applications, 2021)
Poor security practices among smartphone users, such as the use of simple, easily guessed passcodes for logins, are a result of the effort required to memorize stronger ones. In this paper, we devise a concept of “open code” biometric tap pad to authenticate smartphone users, which eliminates the need of memorizing secret codes. A biometric tap pad consists of a grid of buttons each labeled with a unique digit. The user attempting to log into the phone will tap these buttons in a given sequence. He/she will not memorize this tap sequence. Instead, the sequence will be displayed on the screen. The focus here is how the user types the sequence. This typing behavior is used for authentication. An open code biometric tap pad has several advantages, such as (1) users do not need to memorize passcodes, (2) manufacturers do not need to include extra sensors, and (3) onlookers have no chance to practice shoulder-surfing. We designed three tap pads and incorporated them into an Android app. We evaluated the performance of these tap pads by experimenting with three sequence styles and five different fingers: two thumbs, two index fingers, and the “usual” finger. We collected data from 33 participants over two weeks. We tested three machine learning algorithms: Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Network, and Random Forest. Experimental results show significant promise of open code biometric tap pads as a solution to the problem of weak smartphone security practices used by a large segment of the population.
Keywords: Authentication; Biometrics; Decision trees; Extra sensors; Fasteners; Index finger; Learning algorithms; Mobile security; Neural networks; Open codes; Secret code; Security Practice; Security systems; Shoulder surfing; Smartphone securities; Smartphones; Support vector machines; Typing behaviors; dept.csc; peer-reviewed

Correction to: Abnormalities of aspiration and swallowing function in survivors of acute respiratory failure - Langmore, Susan E.; Krisciunas, Gintas P.; Warner, Heather L.; White, S. David; Dvorkin, Daniel; Fink, Daniel S.; McNally, Edel; Scheel, Rebecca; Higgins, Carrie; Levitt, Joseph E.; McKeehan, Jeffrey; Deane, Sandra; et al. (Dysphagia, 2021)
Due to the errors occurred in the originally published version, this article is being reprinted in its entirety as Correction. All errors have been corrected. It is the correct version. © 2021, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Keywords: dept.cmd; erratum; peer-reviewed

Empirical insights into college students’ academic reading comprehension in the united states - Kalbfleisch, Elizabeth; Schmitt, Elena; Zipoli, Richard P. (Journal of College Reading and Learning, 2021)
This article reports on a collaborative research project involving faculty in writing studies, communication disorders, and applied linguistics that sought to empirically describe the reading skills of students (N = 910) in freshman composition classes at one college and two universities in the northeast United States. The research team developed and administered a questionnaire that evaluated students’ reading abilities according to six categories: inferential ability, background knowledge, general comprehension, vocabulary, figurative language/jargon, and morphosyntactic structures (grammar/syntax). Our statistically significant results showed that students scored best in the categories of background knowledge and general comprehension, which are well researched in a college population. However, students struggled in categories such as figurative language/jargon and morpho-syntactic structures, which are not well researched in a college population. Further, comprehension seemed generally discrete (understanding specific points of an essay) rather than holistic (indicated by an ability synthesize those points into a general statement about the author’s thesis). These findings suggest that further empirical research in this area will help describe the reading skills of college students and consequently will inform the development of pedagogical approaches that more effectively address students’ current needs. © 2021 College Reading and Learning Association.
Keywords: dept.cmd; dept.eng; dept.wll; peer-reviewed

A continuum of genetic mixing for conservation management along the (mal)adaptation spectrum: A comment on Hoffmann et al. - Crispo, Erika; Derry, Alison M.; Brady, Steven P. (Evolutionary Applications, 2021)
When restoring gene flow for conservation management, genetic variation should be viewed along a continuum of genetic divergence between donor and recipient populations. On the one hand, maintaining local adaptation (low divergence between donors and recipients) can enhance conservation success in the short term. On the other hand, reducing local adaptation in the short term by increasing genetic diversity (high divergence between some donors and recipients) might have better long-term success in the face of changing environmental conditions. Both Hoffman et al. (2020) and a paper we previously published in a Special Issue on Maladaptation in Applied Conservation (Derry et al., 2019) provide frameworks and syntheses for how best to apply conservation strategies in light of genetic variation and adaptation. A key difference between these two studies was that whereas Derry et al. (2019) performed a quantitative meta-analysis, Hoffman et al. (2020) relied on case studies and theoretical considerations, yielding slightly different conclusions. We here provide a summary of the two studies and contrast of the main similarities and differences between them, while highlighting terminology used to describe and explain main concepts. © 2021 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Keywords: dept.bio; peer-reviewed

Impact of risk aversion, reactance proneness and risk appraisal on travel destination risk perception: - Prince, Melvin; Kim, Young Kyu (Journal of Vacation Marketing, 2021)
The aim of the study is to investigate the motivational effects of tourist traits and risk appraisal on tourist destination risk perception. Risk appraisal involves subjective estimates of vulnerability to a threat and the threat’s consequential severity. Fear levels influence both of these elements of risk appraisal. Individual differences in reactance proneness and risk aversion are introduced into the study model to more fully account for differences in travel destination risk perceptions. The study design involves US adults, who have used their passports for international travel in the past 5 years. Travel risk assessments were studied for four destination sites: London, Tokyo, Kuala Lumpur and Istanbul. A general structural model is developed to test hypotheses about antecedents and consequents of risk appraisal and destination risk perception. © The Author(s) 2021.
Keywords: dept.mkt; peer-reviewed

Audiovisual speech perception in children with autism spectrum disorders: Evidence from visual phonemic restoration. - Irwin, Julia; Avery, Trey; Kleinman, Daniel; Landi, Nicole (Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2021)
Children with autism spectrum disorders have been reported to be less influenced by a speaker’s face during speech perception than those with typically development. To more closely examine these reported differences, a novel visual phonemic restoration paradigm was used to assess neural signatures (event-related potentials [ERPs]) of audiovisual processing in typically developing children and in children with autism spectrum disorder. Video of a speaker saying the syllable /ba/ was paired with (1) a synthesized /ba/ or (2) a synthesized syllable derived from /ba/ in which auditory cues for the consonant were substantially weakened, thereby sounding more like /a/. The auditory stimuli are easily discriminable; however, in the context of a visual /ba/, the auditory /a/ is typically perceived as /ba/, producing a visual phonemic restoration. Only children with ASD showed a large /ba/-/a/ discrimination response in the presence of a speaker producing /ba/, suggesting reduced influence of visual speech. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.
Keywords: Auditory Perception; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Cues; Evoked Potentials; Humans; Speech; Speech Perception; Visual Perception; association; autism; child; dept.psy; evoked response; hearing; human; peer-reviewed; speech; speech perception; vision

The offspring of alcohol-exposed sires exhibit heightened ethanol intake and behavioral alterations in the elevated plus maze. - Koabel, Jennifer; McNivens, Meghan; McKee, Paul; Pautassi, Ricardo; Bordner, Kelly; Nizhnikov, Michael (Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 2021)
Research suggests that addictive traits are indeed heritable, but very few preclinical studies have explored transgenerational effects of paternal alcohol exposure. The present study addressed this gap in knowledge. We explored whether offspring of ethanol-exposed sires would be more likely to accept ethanol than descendants of water-exposed and control sires. We also investigated whether the second generation of ethanol-exposed descendants would accept ethanol more than controls and were more or less likely to experience anxiety-like behavior in behavioral assessments. We exposed male rats to repeated binge doses of alcohol (4 g/kg/day across 8 days), water, or left them untreated and mated them with untreated females. We then bred the offspring of these rats to test transgenerational effects of paternal alcohol exposure. We tested 14-day-old offspring from the first and second filial generation for their acceptance of ethanol and water, and measured anxiety-like behavior in 38-day-old, second-generation offspring using an elevated plus maze. The results indicate that offspring of ethanol-exposed sires increase ethanol acceptance in the first generation compared to untreated controls, whereas in the second-generation increased ethanol acceptance vs. these controls is seen in descendants of both ethanol- and vehicle-treated sires. At adolescence, the second generation of rats derived from alcohol-exposed sires exhibited significantly more time spent in the open arms and significantly more arm entries than any other group. The present study suggests that parental ethanol exposure is associated with lingering effects in the infant and adolescent offspring. The second filial generation was also found to be affected, albeit similarly by grandparental ethanol exposure or by the stress of the vehicle administration. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Addictive; Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Anxiety; Article; Behavior; Elevated Plus Maze Test; Ethanol; Male; Maze Learning; Rats; Sprague Dawley rat; addiction; adolescence; adolescent; adult; alcohol; alcohol consumption; animal; animal experiment; animal model; anxiety; behavior disorder; binge drinking; breeding; concentration (parameter); controlled study; dept.psy; drinking behavior; elevated plus maze test; experience; exposure; female; grandparent; inhibitory control; male; maze test; newborn; nonhuman; paternal exposure; peer-reviewed; progeny; rat; sire; vertical transmission; water

Measurement of Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Development and Validation of the CRAVE Scale. - Stults-Kolehmainen, Matthew A; Blacutt, Miguel; Fogelman, Nia; Gilson, Todd A; Stanforth, Philip R; Divin, Amanda L; Bartholomew, John B; Filgueiras, Alberto; McKee, Paul C; Ash, Garrett I; Ciccolo, Joseph T; Brotnow Decker, Line; et al. (Frontiers in psychology, 2021)
Physical activity, and likely the motivation for it, varies throughout the day. The aim of this investigation was to create a short assessment (CRAVE: Cravings for Rest and Volitional Energy Expenditure) to measure motivation states (wants, desires, urges) for physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Five studies were conducted to develop and evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the scale, with 1,035 participants completing the scale a total of 1,697 times. In Study 1, 402 university students completed a questionnaire inquiring about the want or desire to perform behaviors "at the present moment (right now). " Items related to physical activity (e.g., "move my body") and sedentary behaviors (e.g., "do nothing active"). An exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) revealed that 10 items should be retained, loading onto two factors (5 each for Move and Rest). In Study 2, an independent sample (n = 444) confirmed these results and found that Move and Rest desires were associated with stage-of-change for exercise behavior. In Study 3, 127 community-residing participants completed the CRAVE at 6-month intervals over two years- two times each session. Across-session interclass correlations (ICC) for Move (ICC = 0.72-0.95) and Rest (ICC = 0.69-0.88) were higher than when they were measured across 24-months (Move: ICC = 0.53; Rest: ICC = 0.49), indicating wants/desires have state-like qualities. In Study 4, a maximal treadmill test was completed by 21 university students. The CRAVE was completed immediately pre and post. Move desires decreased 26% and Rest increased 74%. Changes in Move and Rest desires were moderately associated with changes in perceived physical fatigue and energy. In Study 5, 41 university students sat quietly during a 50-min lecture. They completed the CRAVE at 3 time points. Move increased 19.6% and Rest decreased 16.7%. Small correlations were detected between move and both perceived energy and tiredness, but not calmness or tension. In conclusion, the CRAVE scale has good psychometric properties. These data also support tenets of the WANT model of motivation states for movement and rest (Stults-Kolehmainen et al., 2020a). Future studies need to explore how desires to move/rest relate to dynamic changes in physical activity and sedentarism. Copyright © 2021 Stults-Kolehmainen, Blacutt, Fogelman, Gilson, Stanforth, Divin, Bartholomew, Filgueiras, McKee, Ash, Ciccolo, Brotnow Decker, Williamson and Sinha.
Keywords: dept.psy; peer-reviewed

Defense against outside competition is linked to cooperation in male-male partnerships - Hellmann, Jennifer K.; Stiver, Kelly A.; Marsh-Rollo, Susan; Alonzo, Suzanne H. (Behavioral Ecology, 2020)
Male–male competition is a well-known driver of reproductive success and sexually selected traits in many species. However, in some species, males work together to court females or defend territories against male competitors. Dominant (nesting) males sire most offspring, but subordinate (satellite) males are better able to obtain fertilizations relative to unpartnered males. Because satellites only gain reproductive success by sneaking, there has been much interest in identifying the mechanisms enforcing satellite cooperation (defense) and reducing satellite sneaking. One such potential mechanism is outside competition: unpartnered satellites can destabilize established male partnerships and may force partnered satellites to restrain from cheating to prevent the dominant male from replacing them with an unpartnered satellite. Here, we manipulated perceived competition in the Mediterranean fish Symphodus ocellatus by presenting an “intruding” satellite male to established nesting and satellite male pairs. Focal satellite aggression to the intruder was higher when focal satellites were less cooperative, suggesting that satellites increase aggression to outside competitors when their social position is less stable. In contrast, nesting male aggression to the intruder satellite increased as spawning activity increased, suggesting that nesting males increase their defense toward outside competitors when their current relationship is productive. We found no evidence of altered spawning activity or nesting/satellite male interactions before and after the presentation. These results collectively suggest that response to outside competition is directly linked to behavioral dynamics between unrelated male partners and may be linked to conflict and cooperation in ways that are similar to group-living species.
Keywords: Satellites; Symphodus ocellatus; alternative reproductive tactics; biological market theory; cooperation; cooperative behavior; defense mechanism; dept.psy; interspecific competition; intraspecific interaction; outside options; peer-reviewed; satellite male; sneak

The Diagnosis of Autism: From Kanner to DSM-III to DSM-5 and Beyond - Rosen, Nicole E.; Lord, Catherine; Volkmar, Fred R. (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021)
In this paper we review the impact of DSM-III and its successors on the field of autism—both in terms of clinical work and research. We summarize the events leading up to the inclusion of autism as a “new” official diagnostic category in DSM-III, the subsequent revisions of the DSM, and the impact of the official recognition of autism on research. We discuss the uses of categorical vs. dimensional approaches and the continuing tensions around broad vs. narrow views of autism. We also note some areas of current controversy and directions for the future.
Keywords: Article; Asperger syndrome; Autism; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Categorical; DSM; DSM-5; DSM-III; DSM-IV; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Dimensional; History; Humans; ICD-10; ICD-11; Psychology; Recognition; autism; clinical feature; clinical research; cognition; cultural factor; dept.sed; dept.swk; developing country; echolalia; ethnic group; human; language ability; medical history; peer-reviewed; pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified; psychiatric diagnosis; psychological aspect; race; sex difference; social class; symptom; tension

The past and future of social group work in Germany: contributions of Louis Lowy - Gardella, Lorrie Greenhouse (Social Work with Groups, 2021)
Louis Lowy (1920 to 1991), the international social work educator, remembered surviving the Holocaust as a formative professional experience. After joining the faculty of Boston University School of Social Work, Lowy returned to Germany every summer for 20 years to help restore social work education. This SPARC project, “The Past and Future of Social Group Work in Germany: Contributions of Louis Lowy,” was proposed in collaboration with Klaus-Martin Ellerbrock and the German Chapter of IASWG at the height of the 2015 global refugee crisis, when Germany admitted more than one million refugees. The purposes of the project were to encourage ongoing international scholarship on the implications of Lowy’s teachings for social work with groups; to facilitate research and writing from an international perspective on group work with migrants and other disenfranchised populations; and to foster international collaborations among group workers in the spirit of Louis Lowy. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: dept.swk; peer-reviewed

Masculine embodiment among sexual minorities in a women’s prison - Smoyer, Amy B.; Divita, David; Perrault, Allison (Australian Social Work, 2021)
Sexual minority women are disproportionately incarcerated and more likely to experience structural and interpersonal violence while incarcerated than heterosexual cisgender women. To build knowledge about this population and inform social work practice, theories of embodiment were used to conduct thematic analysis of five interviews with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer masculine-identified people who had been incarcerated in a women’s prison. This analysis explicates how participants used bodily practices to construct gender and communicate identity to themselves and others. Uniforms, prison regulations, and physical manifestations of female embodiment complicated these efforts. Participants described the ways in which they monitored and evaluated their own bodies while also managing the constant surveillance of their bodies by others. Taken together, these findings explicate the ways in which participants’ bodies were produced both through their actions and the external gaze of others. Implications for social work include exploration of language and masculinity in practice settings and suggestions for correctional policies. Findings encourage inclusion of non-binary frameworks and increased attention to the embodied self in order to expand understandings of human behaviour in the social environment. IMPLICATIONS Interpret with caution any information about gender identity surmised from intake forms and observation of clients’ bodily practices. Ask clients to describe their gender identity. Prioritise correctional policies that promote the health and safety of incarcerated people and staff over policies that enforce social norms related to gender and have no implications on security. Encourage re-entry service providers to collaborate with LGBTIQA+ organisations that provide social support to clients who identify as sexual minorities. © 2021 Australian Association of Social Workers.
Keywords: LGBTQIA+ people; adult; article; attention; correctional facility; dept.swk; female; gaze; gender identity; human; interview; language; male; masculinity; organization; peer-reviewed; security; social environment; social norm; social support; social work practice; thematic analysis

‘Suppression on top of oppression’: A symbolic interactionist perspective on the affective experience of incarceration - Umamaheswar, Janani (The British Journal of Criminology, 2021)
Penological research has extensively documented how incarcerated men's identities are shaped by the prison setting, highlighting how these men cope with and adapt to the 'pains of imprisonment' through careful emotion management. Significantly less research has focused explicitly on the role of emotion in incarcerated men's constructions of their selves. In this article, I draw on 24 in-depth interviews with incarcerated men to reveal how the prison setting generates negative emotions (such as sadness, shame, humiliation, and anger) that in turn perpetuate the isolation that these men face. Emotions thus constitute an overlooked source of these men's social marginalization. Additionally, I draw on theoretical literature derived from symbolic interactionism (and identity theory in particular) to explore how participants cope with, and make efforts to overcome, their negative emotions by engaging in active emotion and identity work centred on constructing morality narratives of pride, self-worth, and superiority. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Centre for Crime and Justice Studies (ISTD). All rights reserved.
Keywords: dept.swk; peer-reviewed

“On the street, the only person you gotta bow down to is yourself”: Masculinity, homelessness, and incarceration - Umamaheswar, Janani (Justice Quarterly, 2021)
Despite the well-established link between homelessness and incarceration, very little qualitative research has focused on the social processes that underlie this nexus. In this article, I draw on 19 in-depth interviews with incarcerated men who reported pre-prison housing instability, supplemented with 5 interviews with formerly-incarcerated men experiencing homelessness, to explore the gendered nature of the homelessness-incarceration nexus. I propose the concept of “liberative instability”—defined as an unfettered lifestyle characterized by double-edged freedom and independence—to explore the changing meaning of homelessness in men’s narratives of their life course. Additionally, I explore how themes of masculinity and liberative instability are embedded in men’s narratives of freedom and confinement as they reflect on their experiences with homelessness and incarceration. These findings animate existing quantitative research by highlighting that the homelessness-incarceration nexus cannot be understood fully or disrupted without considering the significance of age-graded cultural scripts regarding masculinity. © 2021 Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences.
Keywords: Homelessness; dept.soc; incarceration; masculinity; peer-reviewed; the life course

Correlates of Strength and Balance Training Exercises in Older African American Adults. - Jiakponnah, Nwanyieze; Ngozi MD, MPH; Unson, Christine; Chukwurah, Queendaleen; Chinenye MD, MPH (Gerontologist, 2021)
Background and Objectives: This study investigated the behavioral and psychological correlates of strength and balance training (SBT) participation among older African Americans. Research Design and Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 90 older African Americans (M = 66.7 ± 8.7 years; 70% female) was conducted to assess correlates of intention to undertake SBT exercises and the number of days that they currently engage in SBT. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the threat appraisal of the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) were used as frameworks for the analyses. Results: The intention to do SBT exercises was positively associated with favorable attitudes and subjective norm, knowledge about the benefits of SBT, and hours worked per week. The frequency of SBT participation was significantly correlated with behavioral intention, high fear of falling, and a low score on the kinesiophobia scale. Discussion and Implications: This study demonstrated the utility of the TPB and PMT's threat appraisal construct in modeling intention and number of days of SBT participation among African American older adults. The study affirmed the link between intention and behavior and between knowledge of the benefits of SBT and intention. Fear of falling's positive association with days of SBT suggests that respondents' saw SBT's efficacy in reducing falls. The unique contributions of this study are the inclusions of kinesiophobia as a correlate and multiple threat appraisals in the PMT. Health promotion interventions should consider the interrelationship among these constructs. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Accidental Falls; African American; African Americans; Aged; Attitude; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Fear; Fear of falling; Female; Humans; Intention; Kinesiophobia; Male; Psychological Theory; Subjective norm; Surveys and Questionnaires; Theory of Planned Behavior; adult; aged; article; behavior; controlled study; cross-sectional study; dept.pch; exercise; falling; fear; fear of falling; female; health promotion; human; male; motivation; peer-reviewed; prevention and control; psychological theory; questionnaire; theoretical study

The Socialization of Unpaid Family Caregivers: A Scoping Review. - McAllum, Kirstie; Simpson, Mary; Unson, Christine; Fox, Stephanie; Kilpatrick, Kelley (Res Aging, 2021)
As unpaid family caregiving of older adults becomes increasingly prevalent, it is imperative to understand how family caregivers are socialized and how they understand the caregiving role. This PRISMA-ScR-based scoping review examines the published literature between 1995-2019 on the socialization of potential and current unpaid family caregivers of older adults. Of 4,599 publications identified, 47 were included. Three perspectives of socialization were identified: (1) role acculturation; (2) role negotiation and identification; and (3) specialized role learning. The findings show how socialization involves different contexts (e.g., cultures), imperatives for action (e.g., circumstances), socialization agents (e.g., family), processes (e.g., modeling), and internal (e.g., normalization) and external (e.g., identification) consequences for caregivers. Future research could fruitfully explore how caregivers manage key turning points within the socialization process, disengage from the caregiving role, and negotiate the socialization and individualization processes within diverse cultural and funding contexts., (C)2021Sage Publications
Keywords: Aged; Caregivers; Family; Humans; Socialization; aged; care behavior; caregiver; caregiving; cultural factor; dept.pch; elder care; family; funding; human; individualization; intergenerational support; learning; negotiation; peer-reviewed; review; socialization

A data-based approach to identifying regional typologies and exemplars across the urban–rural gradient in Europe using affinity propagation - Fiaschetti, Maurizio; Graziano, Marcello; Heumann, Benjamin W. (Regional Studies, 2021)
We apply recent developments in data-mining and statistics, using affinity propagation (AP) to identify regional typologies in the European Union (EU) and characterize major factors between rural–rural and rural–urban regional differences, without predetermined thresholds. We identify a representative ‘exemplar’ within each cluster using the drivers of Copus enriched with climate and land-cover/land-use variables to provide geographical context and pinpoint differences driven by natural and human–natural landscapes. Building upon the works of Dijkstra and the Eudora Project, we expand the dimensions of regional differences, introducing a threshold-less, data-driven model able to identify exemplars, and the main characteristics of each cluster or regional typology. © 2021 Regional Studies Association.
Keywords: Europe; European Union; data mining; dept.mgt; economic development; peer-reviewed; regional development; urban-rural migration

Literacy development at camp: Leveraging language models - Dostal, Hannah M.; Scott, Jessica A.; Weir, Joan; Kang, Ki Y.; Amadi-Ihebuzor, Chidinma; Bernard, Teri-Ann (Reading Teacher, 2021)
There is little research on effective educational experiences for deaf and hard-of-hearing (d/hh) children in Jamaica. Using a formative and design experiment framework, in this project we explored the potential efficacy of an intensive literacy camp that provided professional development for d/hh adults working in classrooms with d/hh children, and provided literacy instruction for elementary-age campers. We found that the children improved in all tested areas, and observations of d/hh adults provided evidence that with minimal training they were able to implement important facets of literacy instruction with the campers. Further research on these types of experiences and their potential for lasting impact after the camp is necessary. © 2021 International Literacy Association
Keywords: dept.sed; peer-reviewed

Student perception on the impact of the Livescribe smartpen as an accommodation - Tucker, Lauren; Zamfir, Bogdan (Universal Access in the Information Society, 2021)
The goal of this exploratory qualitative study was to determine how students with disabilities in higher education are using the Livescribe smartpen in their note-taking process and the perceived impact on their academic tasks. Based on participant interviews, many are using the Livescribe smartpen for recording class lectures while taking notes and for engaging with the content outside of the class session. All but one participant reported a perceived positive impact from the use of the Livescribe pen. The positive impacts included improved focus, higher academic outcomes, independence, and capturing complete notes. One unexpected trend that was revealed is that the majority of the participants adjusted their use of the Livescribe smartpen accommodation based on the professor’s teaching style and course structure. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Keywords: Course structure; Higher education; Information science; Information systems; Note taking; Qualitative study; Software engineering; Student perceptions; Teaching styles; dept.sed; peer-reviewed

Seeing the forest and the trees: Disentangling autism phenotypes in the age of DSM-5 - Volkmar, Fred R.; Woodbury-Smith, Marc; Øien, Roald A. (Development and Psychopathology, 2021)
This paper, written in honor of Professor Ed Zigler, focuses on some of the themes in developmental disabilities research that were so central to his work. It has now been nearly 80 years since Leo Kanner first identified the prototypic form – early infantile autism – of what is now autism spectrum disorder. In this article we summarize the development of the concept and the important accumulation of knowledge over time that has now led us to the recognition of a broader autism phenotype just as, at the same time, the current official diagnostic system in the USA has narrowed the concept. We also address current controversies regarding autism as the diagnosis is impacted by age and developmental factors, gender, and cultural issues. In parallel to the work on intellectual deficiency and development pioneered by Zigler and his colleagues, we summarize some of the challenges for the years ahead.
Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Phenotype; Psychology; Recognition; autism; dept.sed; human; peer-reviewed; phenotype

Complexity science, nursing, and COVID-19 - White, Kenneth R.; Begun, James W.; Vicenzi, Angela E (The American journal of nursing, 2021)
Understanding a bewildering crisis like a pandemic as 'normal' may be empowering. Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Keywords: COVID-19; Health Policy; Humans; Nurse's Role; Systems Analysis; dept.nur; epidemiology; health care policy; human; nurse attitude; peer-reviewed; system analysis; therapy

Analysis of Stokes shift spectra for distinguishing human prostate cancerous and normal tissues using machine learning methods - Mo, Haiding; Wang, Eric; Tian, Yuke; Pu, Yang; Wu, Binlin; Alfano, Robert R. (SPIE, 2021)
Early detection of prostate cancer is critical for the success of cancer therapy. It is believed that the biochemical changes that cause the optical spectra changes would appear earlier than the histological aberration. The aim of this ex vivo study was to evaluate the ability of Stokes Shift Spectra (S3) to identify human prostate cancerous tissues from the normal. Fifteen (15) pairs of with pathologically confirmed human prostate cancerous and normal tissues underwent Stokes Shift Spectra measurements with selective wavelength interval of 40 nm. The spectra were then analyzed using machine learning (ML) algorithms to classify the two types of tissues. The ML algorithms including principal component analysis (PCA) and nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) were used for dimension reduction and feature detection. The characteristic component spectra were used to identify the key fluorophores related to carcinogenesis. The results show that these key fluorophores within tissue, e.g., tryptophan, collagen, and NADH, have different relative concentrations between cancerous and normal tissues. A multi-class classification was performed using support vector machines (SVMs). A leave-one-out cross validation was used to evaluate the performance of the classification with the gold standard histopathological results as the ground truth. The results with high sensitivity and specificity indicate that the S3 method is effective for detecting changes of fluorophore composition in human prostate tissues due to the development of cancer. © 2021 SPIE.
Keywords: Amino acids; Diagnosis; Dimension reduction; Diseases; Factorization; Fluorophores; Histology; Learning systems; Leave-one-out cross validations; Machine learning methods; Matrix algebra; Multi-class classification; Nonnegative matrix factorization; Relative concentration; Spectra measurements; Statistical methods; Support vector machine (SVMs); Support vector machines; Tissue; Tissue engineering; Urology; dept.phy

Speckle imaging characterization of radial velocity exoplanet systems - Dalba, Paul A.; Kane, Stephen R.; Howell, Steve B; Horch, Elliott P; Li, Zhexing; Hirsch, Lea A.; Burt, Jennifer; Brandt, Timothy D.; Močnik, Teo; Henry, Gregory W. (Astronomical Journal, 2021)
We conducted speckle imaging observations of 53 stellar systems that were members of long-term radial velocity (RV) monitoring campaigns and exhibited substantial accelerations indicative of planetary or stellar companions in wide orbits. Our observations were made with blue and red filters using the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument at Gemini-South and the NN-Explore Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager at the WIYN telescope. The speckle imaging identifies eight luminous companions within 2" of the primary stars. In three of these systems-HD 1388, HD 87359, and HD 104304-the properties of the imaged companion are consistent with the RV measurements, suggesting that these companions may be associated with the primary and the cause of the RV variation. For all 53 stellar systems, we derive differential magnitude limits (i.e., contrast curves) from the imaging. We extend this analysis to include upper limits on companion mass in systems without imaging detections. In 25 systems, we rule out companions with masses greater than 0.2 M⊙, suggesting that the observed RV signals are caused by late-M dwarfs or substellar (potentially planetary) objects. On the other hand, the joint RV and imaging analysis almost entirely rules out planetary explanations of the RV signal for HD 19522 and suggests that the companion must have an angular separation below a few tenths of an arcsecond. This work highlights the importance of combined RV and imaging observations for characterizing the outer regions of nearby planetary systems. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.
Keywords: dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Speckle observations of TESS exoplanet host stars: Understanding the binary exoplanet host star orbital period distribution - Howell, Steve B; Matson, Rachel A.; Ciardi, David R; Everett, Mark E; Livingston, John H.; Scott, Nicholas J; Horch, Elliott P; Winn, Joshua N (Astronomical Journal, 2021)
We present high-resolution speckle interferometric imaging observations of TESS exoplanet host stars using the NN-EXPLORE Exoplanet and Stellar Speckle Imager instrument at the 3.5 m WIYN telescope. Eight TESS objects of interest that were originally discovered by Kepler were previously observed using the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument. Speckle observations of 186 TESS stars were carried out, and 45 (24%) likely bound companions were detected. This is approximately the number of companions we would expect to observe given the established 46% binarity rate in exoplanet host stars. For the detected binaries, the distribution of stellar mass ratio is consistent with that of the standard Raghavan distribution and may show a decrease in high-q systems as the binary separation increases. The distribution of binary orbital periods, however, is not consistent with the standard Ragahavan model, and our observations support the premise that exoplanet-hosting stars with binary companions have, in general, wider orbital separations than field binaries. We find that exoplanet-hosting binary star systems show a distribution peaking near 100 au, higher than the 40–50 au peak that is observed for field binaries. This fact led to earlier suggestions that planet formation is suppressed in close binaries.
Keywords: dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Application of the Weathering Framework: Intersection of Racism, Stigma, and COVID-19 as a Stressful Life Event among African Americans - Wakeel, Fathima; Njoku, Anuli (Healthcare, 2021)
The disproportionate impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on African American communities necessitates an increased focus on the intersectional roles of racism, stigma, and other social determinants of health in influencing disease and mortality risk. The Weathering Framework is applied to demonstrate the dynamic interrelationships between these factors and to conceptualize COVID-19 as a stressful life event that will have profound health implications over the life course for African Americans. Recommendations for population health research, interventions and policies aimed at reducing COVID-19 incidence and mortality, and mitigation of the long-term impacts of the pandemic on communities of color are discussed.
Keywords: Blacks/African Americans; COVID-19/coronavirus; dept.pch; health disparities; peer-reviewed; race/ethnicity; racism; social determinants of health; stigma; systemic racism

DiaNet: A deep learning based architecture to diagnose diabetes using retinal images only - Islam, Mohammad Tariqul; Al-Absi, Hamada R. H.; Ruagh, Essam A.; Alam, Tanvir (IEEE Access, 2021)
Diabetes is one of the leading fatal diseases globally, putting a huge burden on the global healthcare system. Early diagnosis of diabetes is hence, of utmost importance and could save many lives. However, current techniques to determine whether a person has diabetes or has the risk of developing diabetes are primarily reliant upon clinical biomarkers. In this article, we propose a novel deep learning architecture to predict if a person has diabetes or not from a photograph of his/her retina. Using a relatively small-sized dataset, we develop a multi-stage convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model DiaNet that can reach an accuracy level of over 84% on this task, and in doing so, successfully identifies the regions on the retina images that contribute to its decision-making process, as corroborated by the medical experts in the field. This is the first study that highlights the distinguishing capability of the retinal images for diabetes patients in the Qatari population to the best of our knowledge. Comparing the performance of DiaNet against the existing clinical data-based machine learning models, we conclude that the retinal images contain sufficient information to distinguish the Qatari diabetes cohort from the control group. In addition, our study reveals that retinal images may contain prognosis markers for diabetes and other comorbidities like hypertension and ischemic heart disease. The results led us to believe that the inclusion of retinal images into the clinical setup for the diagnosis of diabetes is warranted in the near future.
Keywords: Clinical biomarkers; Convolutional neural network; Convolutional neural networks; Decision making; Decision making process; Deep learning; Diabetes; Diabetes patients; Diagnosis; Feature extraction; Health-care system; Ischemic heart disease; Learning architectures; Licenses; Machine learning models; Medical diagnostic imaging; Medical experts; Medical imaging; Network architecture; Ophthalmology; Qatar; Qatar Biobank (QBB); Retina; Retinopathy; Task analysis; deep learning; dept.csc; diabetes; machine learning; retina

Public library events: Who, what, where, when, and why? - Kukiolczynski, Katie Teresa; Liu, Yan Quan (Public Library Quarterly, 2021)
An explorative survey pertaining to organization and execution of programs and events offered in public libraries across Connecticut revealed that library programs have been steadily increasing in recent years, with most libraries providing one hundred or more programs a year. The types of programs that are most popular vary throughout the library’s open hours. Children’s programming appears to be more popular during the day while adult programming is more popular in the evening. Program popularity is based on grouping and continuous support from external partners. While this study confirmed that both library space and library staff sizes are adequate for programming, a further investigation would assert that this is the case within nationwide library programming.
Keywords: Connecticut; Public libraries; dept.ils; library events; library programs; peer-reviewed

Mistress of Snow - Sonnenschein, Dana (Gingerbread House Literary Magazine, 2021)
Hinges creak, and she swirls in the door, puts her finger to blue lips. Cold takes the old woodcutter, eyes open, breath frozen in his beard.  But crystals melt in your lashes as you gaze on her gl…
Keywords: dept.eng

Photovoice for Social Justice: Visual Representation in Action - Breny, Jean M. (Qualitative research methods ; v. 59, 2021)
"Photovoice for Social Justice, the latest volume in Sage's Qualitative Research Methods Series, helps readers in the health and social sciences learn the foundations and applications of this exciting qualitative method. Authors Jean M. Breny and Shannon L. McMorrow approach photovoice as not only a community-based participatory research method, but as a method for social justice, centering community participants, organizations, and policy makers at the heart of this research method. Special topics relating to social justice include a focus on ethics and working with marginalized communities, sensitive concerns during data collection, and presenting the work to communities and policymakers, as well as academics. Written for students and researchers new to photovoice, this brief text takes readers from the process of conceptualizing and implementing a photovoice study to analyzing data and finally presenting the results of the study. The book concludes with suggestions for future iterations of photovoice, including web based resources and digital storytelling. The authors take into account the realities of photovoice as a method by providing practical, applied tools including sample consent forms, presentations, recruitment flyers, and photo-taking tips. Using Photovoice for Social Justice, new and experienced researchers can design, implement, and analyze their photovoice projects" --
Keywords: Methodology; Medicine; Methodology; Photography in the social sciences; Participant observation; Action research; Research; Social aspects; Social service; dept.pch; faculty_collection

Notes on the state of Virginia: an annotated edition - Jefferson, Thomas; Forbes, Robert Pierce (Yale University Press, 2021)
Keywords: Description and travel; Early works to 1800; Early works to 1800; Virginia; History; Virginia; dept.his; faculty_collection

Mealtime Translated by Wendeline Hardenberg - Le Hénand, Alice (Twirl Books, 2020)
Little Crocodile, Little Monkey, and all their friends may not like to try new foods or know what to do …
Keywords: dept.lib

Brothers and Sisters Translated by Wendeline Hardenberg - Le Hénand, Alice (Twirl Books, 2020)
Little Crocodile, Little Monkey, and all their friends have siblings—siblings who take their things, make a mess, or just get …
Keywords: dept.lib

Mr. Lion Dresses Up! Translated by Wendeline Hardenberg - Teckentrup, Britta (Twirl Books, 2020)
How exciting! Mr. Lion has been invited to a party! But what will he wear? A handsome suit . . …
Keywords: dept.lib

Trains Translated by Wendeline Hardenberg - Prénat, Sophie (Twirl Books, 2020)
All aboard! Chock-full of fascinating facts, Ultimate SpotlightTM Trains offers young readers a closer look into the marvelous world of …
Keywords: dept.lib

Animals at Night Translated by Wendeline Hardenberg - Hedelin, Pascale (Twirl Books, 2020)
The fluffy feathers of an owl, the bumpy skin of a toad, and the thick fur of a river otter—there’s …
Keywords: dept.lib

Miki Takes a Bath Translated by Wendeline Hardenberg - Babin, Stephanie (Twirl Books, 2020)
Splish-splash! Miki’s taking a bath! Bathtime couldn’t be more fun with Miki showing how it’s done in this delightful pop-up …
Keywords: dept.lib

The Ultimate Book of Horses Translated by Wendeline Hardenberg - Laboucarie, Sandra (Twirl Books, 2020)
Horses are amazing creatures! The Ultimate Book of Horses provides hours of hands-on discovery and includes age-appropriate information on the …
Keywords: dept.lib

Magnetology: Vehicles Translated by Wendeline Hardenberg - Baumann, Anne-Sophie (Twirl Books, 2020)
Take a ride—whether it’s on a boat, plane, or on a rocket ship! Kids can use the 45 magnetic pieces included to fill 5 oversized scenes in this Magnetology™ title. The all-in-one play set features fascinating information, just right for its audience, about all types of vehicles: those that travel on the road, on a farm
Keywords: dept.lib

Who Does What? Translated by Wendeline Hardenberg - Babin, Stephanie (Twirl Books, 2020)
Who gathers honey? Who designs clothes? Who makes lunch for students?  So many jobs can be found in this delightful and satisfying sliding panel format for preschoolers. The 36 panels feature jobs in various settings: in the orchestra, at the market, at school, and more! Each new spread offers clues to the right respon
Keywords: dept.lib

Mr. Bear's Birthday Translated by Wendeline Hardenberg - Aracil, Virginie (Twirl Books, 2020)
Mr. Bear is having a birthday party, and everyone is welcome! It doesn’t matter if you’re big, small, don’t have teeth, or are afraid of the dark . . . you’re invited! In this wonderfully illustrated oversize book that celebrates inclusion as well as a special day, Mr. Bear’s Birthday also includes lots of gifts—with f
Keywords: dept.lib

Patience Translated by Wendeline Hardenberg - Le Hénand, Alice (Twirl Books, 2020)
Waiting is not easy, whether it’s waiting to play with a toy or to eat a snack. And Little Kangaroo, Little Cat, and their friends are just not sure that they can be patient. But as their grown-ups show them, being patient doesn’t have to be boring or unbearable. There are many fun things they can do while they wait! C
Keywords: dept.lib

City Mazes Around the World Translated by Wendeline Hardenberg - Babin, Stephanie (Twirl Books, 2020)
From New York City to Tokyo and Berlin to Sydney, the streets of the 15 cities included in this book are filled with a fascinating showcase of local landmarks and awesome attractions. How will you get from the Brooklyn Bridge to Central Park in New York City? Or find your way to Topkapi Palace in Istanbul? Each spread
Keywords: dept.lib

Police brutality against Blacks in the United States and ensuing protests: Implications for social distancing and Black health during COVID-19 - Njoku, Anuli; Ahmed, Yussuf; Bolaji, Bolanle (Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 2020)
The pandemic of respiratory disease spreading from person-to-person, named “coronavirus disease 2019” (abbreviated “COVID-19”), presents a public health emergency of international concern. This pandemic is occurring during renewed attention to the persistent issue of police brutality against Blacks in the United States. Protests have ensued to highlight perceived and observed injustice against minorities, particularly Black people. Concerns arise that these protests may complicate efforts to adhere to social distancing and increase risks of COVID-19 exposure among Black persons, who are already disproportionality affected by COVID-19 outcomes due to systemic barriers within the healthcare system and society. This article discusses police brutality against Blacks in the United States and subsequent protests, considerations for social distancing and racial disparities in health during COVID-19, and the need for policies to ensure fair and equitable enforcement of social distancing mandates. We also discuss the need for policies to improve access to COVID-19 testing, diagnosis, and management among underserved and minority communities. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: African Americans; COVID-19; Coronavirus; dept.pch; peer-reviewed; police brutality; public health

Road Damage Detection Utilizing Convolution Neural Network and Principal Component Analysis - Endri, Elizabeth; Sheta, Alaa; Turabieh, Hamza (International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), 2020)
Roads should always be in a reliable con-dition and maintained regularly. One of the problems that should be maintained well is the pavement cracks problem. This a challenging problem that faces road engineers, since maintaining roads in a stable condition is needed for both drivers and pedestrians. Many meth-ods have been proposed to handle this problem to save time and cost. In this paper, we proposed a two-stage method to detect pavement cracks based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to solve this classification problem. We employed a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method to extract the most significant features with a di˙erent number of PCA components. The proposed approach was trained using a Mendeley Asphalt Crack dataset, which contains 400 images of road cracks with a 480×480 resolution. The obtained results show how PCA helped in speeding up the learning process of CNN.
Keywords: Condition; Convolution; Convolution neural network; Convolutional neural network; Convolutional neural network (CNN); Crack detection; Crack problems; Damage detection; Network component analysis; Neural networks; Pavement crack; Pavement cracks; Pavements; Principal component analyse; Principal component analysis; Principal component analysis (PCA); Principal-component analysis; Problem solving; Road damage; dept.csc; peer-reviewed

Visual Orbits of Spectroscopic Binaries with the CHARA Array. III. HD 8374 and HD 24546 - Lester, Kathryn V.; Fekel, Francis C.; Muterspaugh, Matthew; Gies, Douglas R.; Schaefer, Gail H.; Farrington, Christopher D.; Guo, Zhao; Matson, Rachel A.; Monnier, John D.; Brummelaar, Theo ten; Sturmann, Judit; Weiss, Samuel A. (The Astronomical Journal, 2020)
We present the visual orbits of two long-period spectroscopic binary stars, HD 8374 and HD 24546, using interferometric observations acquired with the CHARA Array and the Palomar Testbed Interferometer. We also obtained new radial velocities from echelle spectra using the APO 3.5 m and Fairborn 2.0 m telescopes. By combining the visual and spectroscopic observations, we solve for the full, three-dimensional orbits and determine the stellar masses and distances to within 3% uncertainty. We then estimate the effective temperature and radius of each component star through Doppler tomography and spectral energy distribution analyses, in order to compare the observed stellar parameters to the predictions of stellar evolution models. For HD 8374, we find masses of M 1 = 1.636 ± 0.050M ⊙ and M 2 = 1.587 ± 0.049M ⊙, radii of R 1 = 1.84 ± 0.05R ⊙ and R 2 = 1.66 ± 0.12R ⊙, temperatures of K and K, and an estimated age of 1.0 Gyr. For HD 24546, we find masses of M 1 = 1.434 ± 0.014M ⊙ and M 2 = 1.409 ± 0.014M ⊙, radii of R 1 = 1.67 ± 0.06R ⊙ and R 2 = 1.60 ± 0.10R ⊙, temperatures of K and K, and an estimated age of 1.4 Gyr. HD 24546 is therefore too old to be a member of the Hyades cluster, despite its physical proximity to the group.
Keywords: dept.phy; peer-reviewed

A Deep Learning Approach to Urban Street Functionality Prediction Based on Centrality Measures and Stacked Denoising Autoencoder - Noori, Fatemeh; Kamangir, Hamid; A. King, Scott; Sheta, Alaa; Pashaei, Mohammad; SheikhMohammadZadeh, Abbas (Isprs International Journal of Geo-Information, 2020)
In urban planning and transportation management, the centrality characteristics of urban streets are vital measures to consider. Centrality can help in understanding the structural properties of dense traffic networks that affect both human life and activity in cities. Many cities classify urban streets to provide stakeholders with a group of street guidelines for possible new rehabilitation such as sidewalks, curbs, and setbacks. Transportation research always considers street networks as a connection between different urban areas. The street functionality classification defines the role of each element of the urban street network (USN). Some potential factors such as land use mix, accessible service, design goal, and administrators’ policies can affect the movement pattern of urban travelers. In this study, nine centrality measures are used to classify the urban roads in four cities evaluating the structural importance of street segments. In our work, a Stacked Denoising Autoencoder (SDAE) predicts a street’s functionality, then logistic regression is used as a classifier. Our proposed classifier can differentiate between four different classes adopted from the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDT): principal arterial road, minor arterial road, collector road, and local road. The SDAE-based model showed that regular grid configurations with repeated patterns are more influential in forming the functionality of road networks compared to those with less regularity in their spatial structure.
Keywords: Centrality measures; Deep learning; Machine learning; Stacked denoising autoencoder; Street functionality classification; Urban transportation network; centrality measures; deep learning; dept.csc; machine learning; peer-reviewed; stacked denoising autoencoder; street functionality classification; urban transportation network

Measurement of the mass difference and the binding energy of the hypertriton and antihypertriton - STAR Collaboration (Nature Physics, 2020)
According to the CPT theorem, which states that the combined operation of charge conjugation, parity transformation and time reversal must be conserved, particles and their antiparticles should have the same mass and lifetime but opposite charge and magnetic moment. Here, we test CPT symmetry in a nucleus containing a strange quark, more specifically in the hypertriton. This hypernucleus is the lightest one yet discovered and consists of a proton, a neutron and a Λ hyperon. With data recorded by the STAR detector1–3 at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, we measure the Λ hyperon binding energy BΛ for the hypertriton, and find that it differs from the widely used value4 and from predictions5–8, where the hypertriton is treated as a weakly bound system. Our results place stringent constraints on the hyperon–nucleon interaction9,10 and have implications for understanding neutron star interiors, where strange matter may be present11. A precise comparison of the masses of the hypertriton and the antihypertriton allows us to test CPT symmetry in a nucleus with strangeness, and we observe no deviation from the expected exact symmetry.
Keywords: Binding energy; Charge conjugation; Colliding beam accelerators; Combined operations; Cpt symmetries; Heavy ions; Magnetic moments; Mass difference; Opposite charge; Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider; Stars; Stringent constraints; Time reversal; dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Comparing Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Spatially Explicit Life Cycle Global Warming and Eutrophication Impacts from Corn Production - Romeiko, Xiaobo Xue; Guo, Zhijian; Pang, Yulei; Lee, Eun Kyung; Zhang, Xuesong (Sustainability, 2020)
Agriculture ranks as one of the top contributors to global warming and nutrient pollution. Quantifying life cycle environmental impacts from agricultural production serves as a scientific foundation for forming effective remediation strategies. However, methods capable of accurately and efficiently calculating spatially explicit life cycle global warming (GW) and eutrophication (EU) impacts at the county scale over a geographic region are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the most efficient and accurate model for estimating spatially explicit life cycle GW and EU impacts at the county scale, with corn production in the U.S.’s Midwest region as a case study. This study compared the predictive accuracies and efficiencies of five distinct supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms, testing various sample sizes and feature selections. The results indicated that the gradient boosting regression tree model built with approximately 4000 records of monthly weather features yielded the highest predictive accuracy with cross-validation (CV) values of 0.8 for the life cycle GW impacts. The gradient boosting regression tree model built with nearly 6000 records of monthly weather features showed the highest predictive accuracy with CV values of 0.87 for the life cycle EU impacts based on all modeling scenarios. Moreover, predictive accuracy was improved at the cost of simulation time. The gradient boosting regression tree model required the longest training time. ML algorithms demonstrated to be one million times faster than the traditional process-based model with high predictive accuracy. This indicates that ML can serve as an alternative surrogate of process-based models to estimate life-cycle environmental impacts, capturing large geographic areas and timeframes.
Keywords: Agriculture; Eutrophication; Global warming; Life cycle assessment; Machine learning; Midwest; Spatial assessment; United States; Zea mays; agricultural production; agriculture; crop production; dept.mat; eutrophication; global warming; life cycle analysis; life cycle assessment; machine learning; peer-reviewed; prediction; spatial analysis; spatial assessment

Human glioma tumors detection by a portable visible resonance Raman analyzer with a hand-held optical fiber probe - Zhou, Yan; Zhang, Shengjia; Wu, Binlin; Yu, Xinguang; Cheng, Gangge; Zhu, Ke; Zhao, Mingyue; Zheng, Jichun; Zhang, Liang; Zhang, Mingqian; Liang, Qijun; Go, Yun Ii; et al. (Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy 2020: Advances in Research and Industry, 2020)
Based on Visible Resonance Raman (VRR) method, we have developed a novel label-free portable VRR LRR2000 Raman analyzer with a portable fiber-optic probe and used it for the classification of human gliomas ex vivo and for the analysis of changes in tumor chemical compositions in molecular level. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of the LRR2000 Raman analyzer as an optical biopsy tool for detecting human brain tumors compared to the commercial laboratory HR800 and WITec300 micro confocal Raman spectroscopy instruments. As of 2018, a total 1,938 VRR spectra were collected using LRR2000, HR800 and WITec300 Raman system, ex vivo. Identification of the four grades of glioma tumors and control tissues was performed based on the characteristic native molecular fingerprints. LRR2000 demonstrated consistent diagnostic results with HR800 and WITec300 Raman systems. LRR2000 showed the advantages of high speed, convenience and low cost compared to the two confocal micro Raman systems. Using artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis of part of the data, the cross-validated accuracy for identifying glioma tumors is ~90% compared with gold standard histopathology examination.
Keywords: Biopsy; Brain; Chemical analysis; Handhelds; Histology; Human brain; Industrial research; Molecular biology; Optical biopsies; Optical fibers; Optical molecular Pathology; Palmprint recognition; Principal component analysis; Principle component analysis; Probes; Resonance; Resonance Raman; Spectroscopy; Spectrum analysis; Support vector machines; Tissue engineering; Tumors; Vibrational spectroscopy; dept.phy; glioma tumor; handheld LRR2000 analyzer; human brain tissues; optical biopsy; principle component analysis(PCA); support vector machine (SVM); visible resonance Raman (VRR)

How the operationalization of exposure impacts studies on direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs - Savelli, Melanie R. (International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing, 2020)
Purpose: Without having a shared operationalization of what constitutes a direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) exposure, it is impossible to accurately generalize findings about their effects. First, it needs to be established how the variables involved in exposures impact outcomes. This will allow for more accurate operationalizations. Design/methodology/approach: A sample of 216 participants were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and randomly assigned into one of four conditions to take an online survey. A 2 × 2 experiment (active/passive attention × low/high exposure) was conducted to determine if the level of attention, otherwise known as attentiveness, and the number of exposures impacted preferences for a fictitious prescription sleep aid. Findings: Results indicated a significant difference among active and passive conditions such that active exposures resulted in stronger positive preferences. Research limitations/implications: Studies using different operationalizations should not be aggregated for generalizations about the effects of DTCA of prescription drugs. Originality/value: This paper urges researchers to clearly operationalize their definitions for “exposure” and to be hesitant about generalizing findings studies using different definitions. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Keywords: Advertising; Direct-to-consumer; Exposure; Pharmaceutical marketing; Prescription drugs; dept.com; peer-reviewed

Learning in the time of COVID-19: capitalizing on the opportunity presented by the pandemic - Trombly, Christopher E. (Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 2020)
Purpose: This paper addresses the current disruption in the educational status quo ante that has been caused by the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19. Its purpose is to suggest how practicing educators, their professional associations and the university-based researchers with whom they partner might capitalize on the unanticipated opportunity to impact education policy that the pandemic presents. Design/methodology/approach: The author draws upon his own preparation and experiences – first as a long-time practitioner in the elementary and secondary school setting, then as a university professor – to offer insights and suggestions to practicing educators, their professional associations and the university-based researchers with whom they partner. Findings: Despite the unexpected challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic has presented to educators – challenges to which educators around the globe have risen admirably – the current crisis also affords practicing educators, their professional associations and the university-based researchers with whom they partner to change the status quo ante for the better. Originality/value: The particular value of this piece is twofold: its analysis of the impact of this unanticipated crisis upon education by an author who has served both in the elementary/secondary setting and at the university level, and its assertion that educators must avail themselves of this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to change the educational status quo ante for the better. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Keywords: Collaboration; Community; Professional judgment; dept.edl; peer-reviewed

Revelations of ancient head shape: Cranial modification in the Cuzco region of Peru, Early Horizon to Inca Imperial Period - Andrushko, V.A. (American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 2021)
Objectives: Cranial vault modification (CVM), the intentional reshaping of the head, indicated group affiliation in prehistoric Andean South America. This study aims to analyze CVM data from the Cuzco region of Peru to illuminate patterns of early migration and settlement along with the later impact of the Inca Empire (AD 1438–1532) on the ethnic landscape. Materials and Methods: 419 individuals from 10 archaeological sites spanning over 2300 years were assessed for CVM using morphological analysis. Results: CVM patterns show distinct temporal attributes: the tabular type of modification appeared first and dominated the early sample (900 BC–AD 600), followed by an influx of unmodified crania during the Middle Horizon (AD 600–1000). The annular type appeared later during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1438). In the subsequent period of Inca imperialism, modification rates were higher at sites in the Cuzco countryside than in Cuzco city sites. Discussion: The study results, combined with archaeological and ethnohistoric data, reveal the sociopolitical transformations that occurred prior to and during the rise of the Inca Empire. The influx of unmodified crania during the Middle Horizon resulted at least partly from Wari occupation, while the appearance of the annular type during the LIP points to migration into the area, possibly from the Lake Titicaca region. In the Inca Imperial Period, Inca individuals at Cuzco city sites refrained from modification as a sign of their ethnic identity, while modification patterns in the Cuzco countryside likely reflect state-coerced resettlement of different ethnic groups. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Keywords: 15th Century; American Indian; Ancient; Archaeology; Body Modification; Female; History; Human Migration; Humans; Indians; Male; Medieval; Non-Therapeutic; Peru; Skull; South American; adult; archeology; article; body modification; controlled study; dept.ant; ethnic group; ethnology; female; history; human; human experiment; major clinical study; male; migration; occupation; pathology; peer-reviewed; skull

Which Small Towns Attract Start-Ups and Why? Twenty Years of Evidence from Iowa - Artz, Georgeanne M.; Kim, Younjun; Orazem, Peter F.; Han, Peter J. (American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2021)
Using data on a sample of small Iowa towns consistently collected over two decades, we investigate how agglomeration economies, social capital, human capital, local fiscal policy, and natural amenities affect new firm entry. We find that human capital and agglomeration are more conducive to new firm entry than are natural amenities, local fiscal policy, or social capital. The impact of local fiscal policy is too small to overcome the locational disadvantages from insufficient endowment of human capital and agglomeration. A rural development approach that encourages firm entry in rural towns with the largest endowments of human capital and market agglomeration would be more successful than trying to raise firm entry in every town.
Keywords: M13; R11; R39; agglomeration; dept.eco; firm location; human capital; peer-reviewed; rural

The hollow: A theory on workplace bullying in nursing practice - Green, C. (Nursing Forum, 2021)
Background: Incivility and bullying within the profession of nursing remains a problem within the workplace. As a result, healthcare workplaces can become unhealthy and difficult for nurses to function within. Work productivity is impacted and patients' healthcare is placed at risk when nurses are emotionally and physically affected by workplace incivility and bullying. Clinical nurse leaders (CNLs) applying theoretical reasoning and nursing competencies' in addressing bullying and incivility within the workplace, can provide an organized and effective organizational approach to addressing bullying and incivility in work environments. Methods: Theoretical reasoning and nursing competencies in addressing bullying and incivility within the workplace, will be examined as a means to identify nurses exhibiting signs and symptoms of bullying and incivility in work environments. The theory of The Hollow will identify the origins of affected nurses' behaviors and the physiological and psychological impact of bullying and incivility. The CNL role will be used as a facilitator of change at the microsystem level. And competencies for addressing behaviors associated with bullying and incivility will be addressed. Approach: Innovation adapted from prior research and literature developed by the author, extrapolated from the literature on workplace bullying and incivility in nursing practice. Outcomes: Bullying and incivility can be resolved in the workplace when competencies are set forth by nursing leaders to educate and empower nursing staff on expectations of healthy work environments. Conclusion: Healthy workplaces are achievable when nurse leaders, such as CNLs, educate and empower nurses to have the expectation of healthy work environments not only for themselves, but for all nurses. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Keywords: Bullying; Humans; Incivility; Nurses; Workplace; article; bullying; clinical nurse leader; dept.nur; expectation; human; incivility; leadership; nurse; nurses; nursing practice; nursing staff; peer-reviewed; reasoning; the hollow; theoretical study; work environment; workplace

Circumstances of overdose among suburban women who use opioids: Extending an urban analysis informed by drug, set, and setting. - Lamonica, Aukje K; Boeri, Miriam; Turner, Jeffrey (The International journal on drug policy, 2021)
BACKGROUND: Opioid overdoses are primarily discussed by the pharmacological properties of the drugs used. Research shows that other factors such as the social/physical environment and the mental/emotional states can have an impact on overdose events. Ataiants and colleagues (2020) used Zinberg's "drug, set, and setting" framework to identify circumstances surrounding overdose experiences of street-involved women in Philadelphia. The aim of this paper is to extend their analysis to a diverse sample of suburban women who experienced overdoses., METHODS: The mixed-methods design consisted of ethnographic fieldwork, in-depth interviews, and brief surveys with 32 suburban women who use opioids. Inductive theoretical reasoning and constant comparative analysis facilitated themes emerging within the "drug, set, and setting" framework., RESULTS: Eighteen out of 32 women identified "drug" as the primary factor involved in their overdose events. Major themes were an inability to identify the synthetic opioid fentanyl, lack of knowledge or control over how much to use, poly-substance use, and an insufficient understanding of risks. Eleven out of 32 women linked "set" to their overdose experiences. Themes included emotional trauma, such as death of a child, child custody issues, and mental health conditions, such as depression. Six out of 32 women associated "setting" with one of their overdose experiences. Themes were related to being with friends or partners that used, and having recently been released from treatment or incarceration., CONCLUSION: Findings show similar themes found among an urban sample, adding insight on the need for effective overdose interventions targeted for suburban populations. The opioid crisis is not confined to the cities, and neither should services aimed at addressing opioid overdose. The knowledge provided here can help policy makers support female-centered harm reduction services not only in urban areas but also in the suburbs. Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Keywords: *Drug Overdose; *Pharmaceutical Preparations; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid/tu [Therapeutic Use]; Article; Child; Drug Overdose; Drug Overdose/dt [Drug Therapy]; Drug Overdose/ep [Epidemiology]; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Opioid; Pennsylvania; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Philadelphia; adult; child; child custody; childhood mortality; controlled study; depression; dept.pch; drug; drug overdose; ethnography; female; fentanyl; human; incarceration; inductive reasoning; interview; major clinical study; mental health; narcotic analgesic agent; opiate addiction; peer-reviewed; polypharmacy; priority journal; psychotrauma; risk factor; suburban area; urban area; women's health

Measurement of inclusive J/ψ polarization in p+p collisions at s =200 GeV by the STAR experiment - STAR Collaboration (Physical Review D, 2020)
We report on new measurements of inclusive J/ψ polarization at midrapidity in p+p collisions at √s=200 GeV by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The polarization parameters, λθ, λϕ, and λθϕ, are measured as a function of transverse momentum (pT) in both the helicity and Collins-Soper (CS) reference frames within pT<10 GeV/c. Except for λθ in the CS frame at the highest measured pT, all three polarization parameters are consistent with 0 in both reference frames without any strong pT dependence. Several model calculations are compared with data, and the one using the Color Glass Condensate effective field theory coupled with nonrelativistic QCD gives the best overall description of the experimental results, even though other models cannot be ruled out due to experimental uncertainties.
Keywords: dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Beam energy dependence of net- Λ fluctuations measured by the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider - STAR Collaboration (Physical Review C, 2020)
The measurements of particle multiplicity distributions have generated considerable interest in understanding the fluctuations of conserved quantum numbers in the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) hadronization regime, in particular near a possible critical point and near the chemical freeze-out. Net-protons and net-kaons have been used as proxies for the net-baryon number and net-strangeness, respectively. We report the measurement of efficiency- and centrality-bin width-corrected cumulant ratios (C2/C1, C3/C2) of net-Λ distributions, in the context of both strangeness and baryon number conservation, as a function of collision energy, centrality, and rapidity. The results are for Au+Au collisions at five beam energies (√sNN=19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, and 200 GeV) recorded with the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC (STAR). We compare our results to the Poisson and negative binomial (NBD) expectations, as well as to ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) and hadron resonance gas (HRG) model predictions. Both NBD and Poisson baselines agree with data within the statistical and systematic uncertainties. UrQMD describes the measured net-ΛC1 and C3 at 200 GeV reasonably well but deviates from C2, and the deviation increases as a function of collision energy. The ratios of the measured cumulants show no features of critical fluctuations. The chemical freeze-out temperatures extracted from a recent HRG calculation, which was successfully used to describe the net-proton, net-kaon, and net-charge data, indicate Λ freeze-out conditions similar to those of kaons. However, large deviations are found when comparing with temperatures obtained from net-proton fluctuations. The net-Λ cumulants show a weak but finite dependence on the rapidity coverage in the acceptance of the detector, which can be attributed to quantum number conservation.
Keywords: dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Underlying event measurements in p+p collisions at s =200 GeV at RHIC - STAR Collaboration (Physical Review D, 2020)
Particle production sensitive to nonfactorizable and nonperturbative processes that contribute to the underlying event associated with a high transverse momentum (pT) jet in proton+proton collisions at √s=200 GeV is studied with the STAR detector. Each event is divided into three regions based on the azimuthal angle with respect to the highest-pT jet direction: in the leading jet direction (“Toward”), opposite to the leading jet (“Away”), and perpendicular to the leading jet (“Transverse”). In the Transverse region, the average charged particle density is found to be between 0.4 and 0.6 and the mean transverse momentum, ⟨pT⟩, between 0.5 and 0.7 GeV/c for particles with pT>0.2 GeV/c at mid-pseudorapidity (|η|<1) and jet pT>15 GeV/c. Both average particle density and ⟨pT⟩ depend weakly on the leading jet pT. Closer inspection of the Transverse region hints that contributions to the underlying event from initial- and final-state radiation are significantly smaller in these collisions than at the higher energies, up to 13 TeV, recorded at the LHC. Underlying event measurements associated with a high-pT jet will contribute to our understanding of QCD processes at hard and soft scales at RHIC energies, as well as provide constraints to modeling of underlying event dynamics.
Keywords: dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Bulk properties of the system formed in Au+Au collisions at sNN =14.5 GeV at the BNL STAR detector - STAR Collaboration (Physical Review C, 2020)
We report systematic measurements of bulk properties of the system created in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=14.5 GeV recorded by the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The transverse momentum spectra of π±, K±, and p(¯p) are studied at midrapidity (|y|<0.1) for nine centrality intervals. The centrality, transverse momentum (pT), and pseudorapidity (η) dependence of inclusive charged particle elliptic flow (v2), and rapidity-odd charged particles directed flow (v1) results near midrapidity are also presented. These measurements are compared with the published results from Au+Au collisions at other energies, and from Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV. The results at √sNN=14.5 GeV show similar behavior as established at other energies and fit well in the energy dependence trend. These results are important as the 14.5-GeV energy fills the gap in μB, which is of the order of 100 MeV, between √sNN=11.5 and 19.6 GeV. Comparisons of the data with UrQMD and AMPT models show poor agreement in general.
Keywords: dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Economic development in Ghana and Malaysia: A comparative analysis - Andoh, S.K.; de Gannes Scott, B.J.; Ofori-Abebrese, G. (Economic Development in Ghana and Malaysia: A Comparative Analysis, 2020)
Economic Development in Ghana and Malaysia investigates why two countries that appeared to be at more or less the same stage of economic development at one point in time have diverged so substantially. At the time of their independence from the UK in 1957, both Ghana and Malaysia were at roughly the same stage of economic development; in fact, Ghana's real per capita income was slightly ahead of Malaysia's. Since then, Ghana's development has been sluggish, while Malaysia's economy has taken off into sustained growth and today, the real per capita income of Malaysia is about five times that of Ghana. This volume examines the pre-colonial and colonial economies of both countries, and the economic policies pursued after independence. In doing so, it aims to identify policies which might have contributed to Malaysia's development and those which might have slowed Ghana's. The authors ask whether lessons can be learned from the successes of countries such as Malaysia. This detailed comparative analysis will be useful to students and researchers of development economics as well as public policy makers in developing countries. It is written in language which makes it accessible to the general reader. © 2020 Samuel K. Andoh, Bernice J. deGannes Scott and Grace Ofori-Abebrese. All rights reserved.
Keywords: dept.eco; peer-reviewed

Gross and microscopic anatomy of the nasal cavity, including olfactory epithelium, of the florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) - Barboza, Meghan L. B.; Larkin, Iskande L.V. (Aquatic Mammals, 2020)
As a fully aquatic mammal, the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) spends a limited amount of time at the water's surface. However, as a mammal that breathes air, they do need to filter, warm, and humidify that air, and anecdotal evidence indicates manatees have a sense of smell. This study characterized the nasal turbinate system, including identification of the olfactory epithelium, and compared it to other mammals using a combination of gross and micro-anatomic examination. Major turbinates were present, including nasal, maxillary, and ethmoturbinates, but with minimal convolution. The respiratory epithelium was found throughout much of the nasal cavity and covered maxillary and nasal turbinates, as well as the septum. Mucus-producing cells and cavernous veins were extensive. The olfactory epithelium was found in the dorsocaudal ethmoturbinates. As a herbivore that feeds predominantly underwater, the manatee likely relies on taste and touch for assessing food and, therefore, does not need to use smell in the same way as other marine mammals such as mysticetes (Bouchard et al., 2019) and pinnipeds (Kowalewsky et al., 2006). However, there are still substantial numbers of olfactory cells, especially considering the decreased amount of exposure time to odorants when breathing at the surface. Therefore, the question remains of why manatees have maintained their ability to smell while other fully aquatic species such as odontocetes have not. Future research should focus on a combination of behavioral and molecular techniques to fully understand the olfactory capabilities of the Florida manatee. © 2020, European Association for Aquatic Mammals.
Keywords: Anatomy; Chemoreception; Mammalia; Manatee; Nasal; Olfaction; Pinnipedia; Trichechidae; Trichechus manatus; Trichechus manatus latirostris; anatomy; comparative study; dept.bio; herbivore; olfaction; peer-reviewed; sirenian

Gender-collaborative training in elite university sport: Challenging gender essentialism through integrated training in gender-segregated sports - Ogilvie, M. F.; McCormack, Mark (International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 2020)
Competitive teamsport at university level is predominantly segregated by gender in many western countries, despite concerns that gender segregation in sport can perpetuate sexism and gender inequality. While policies and activities seek to challenge sexism and gender inequality, the use of gender collaboration within a gender-segregated system as a method to achieve this has received little attention. In this article, we draw on a year-long ethnography of elite sport and 48 in-depth interviews with elite male and female athletes at a British university to explore the impact of various forms of gender mixing during training, which we call ‘gender-collaborative training’. While men’s and women’s teams competing against each other in practice matches resulted in gender-essentialist narratives attributing difference to biology, gender-integrated practices and workouts provided opportunities for men and women to train together without the gendered sport-specific associations that can reproduce sexism. We call for gender-collaborative training to be adopted by gender-segregated teams, and suggest that where there is resistance to any integration, teams start with mixed physical workouts and progress to mixed sport-specific training and then mixed competitive training. © The Author(s) 2020.
Keywords: adult; article; dept.soc; ethnography; female; human; interview; male; narrative; peer-reviewed; sexism; training

Evaluation of an innovative curriculum enhancement: The conversation project - Pagano, Michael; Manger, Diana R.; O'Shea, Eileen; O'Sullivan, Cynthia (Nursing Education Perspectives, 2020)
Two northeast nursing schools piloted an innovative curriculum to teach The Conversation Project (TCP) to the next generation of nurses. The goal was to educate 26 graduate nursing students about how to have end-of-life and advance care planning conversations with people before they experience a crisis. The focus of assignments was on communicating newly learned TCP information. Postreflections demonstrated that participants felt their communication skills had been enhanced while their anxieties were reduced. The students' abilities to have end-of-life conversations increased. © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Keywords: Advance Care Planning; Communication; Conversation Project; Curriculum; End-of-Life Care; Graduate Nursing Education; Humans; Learning; Schools, Nursing; Students, Nursing; adult; advance care planning; anxiety; article; clinical article; communication skill; conversation; curriculum; dept.nur; female; graduate nursing student; human; interpersonal communication; learning; male; nursing education; nursing student; peer-reviewed

Cultural adaptation and consumer disidentification in the us - Prince, M.; Kwak, L (Journal of Empirical Generalisations in Marketing Science, 2020)
Alexander Josiassen (2011) initiated research on the consumer disidentification (CDI). More specifically, in his investigation of 2nd generation Turks in the Netherlands, he introduced the concept of acculturation as an antecedent to consumer disidentification among this ethnic group. Josiassen's study showed that acculturation negatively affects CDI. The present replication research among American 2nd generation US immigrants confirmed Josiassen’s findings with respect to CDI. It also confirmed his findings that acculturation positively affects consumer ethnocentrism (CET). In elaborating his model, the US study found that (a) national disidentification (NDI) is inversely predictive of acculturation, and (b) acculturation is negatively predictive of consumer xenocentrism (XEN). Replication of the Netherland CDI model in the U.S. results in an acceptable measurement fit and structural fit. © 2020, University of South Australia. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Consumer disidentification; Cross-cultural; Ethnocentrism; National disidentification; Xenocentrism; dept.mkt; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Review of" Indigenous Persistence in the Colonized Americas: Material & Documentary Perspectives on Entanglement" - Farley, William A. (Historical Archaeology, 2020)
Keywords: book.review; dept.ant; peer-reviewed

P. Thomas: I See Things Differently: A First Look at Autism - Kuvish (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2020)
Keywords: dept.sed

A comparison of two multilingual meeting systems - Aiken, Milam; Park, Mina (International Journal of Computers & Technology, 2020)
Keywords: Google Translate; dept.bis; dept.mgt; peer-reviewed

A novel lifetime scheme for enhancing the convergence performance of salp swarm algorithm - Braik, Malik; Sheta, Alaa; Turabieh, Hamza; Al-Hiary, Heba (Soft Computing, 2021)
The performance of any meta-heuristic algorithm depends highly on the setting of dependent parameters of the algorithm. Different parameter settings for an algorithm may lead to different outcomes. An optimal parameter setting should support the algorithm to achieve a convincing level of performance or optimality in solving a range of optimization problems. This paper presents a novel enhancement method for the salp swarm algorithm (SSA), referred to as enhanced SSA (ESSA). In this ESSA, the following enhancements are proposed: First, a new position updating process was proposed. Second, a new dominant parameter different from that used in SSA was presented in ESSA. Third, a novel lifetime convergence method for tuning the dominant parameter of ESSA using ESSA itself was presented to enhance the convergence performance of ESSA. These enhancements to SSA were proposed in ESSA to augment its exploration and exploitation capabilities to achieve optimal global solutions, in which the dominant parameter of ESSA is updated iteratively through the evolutionary process of ESSA so that the positions of the search agents of ESSA are updated accordingly. These improvements on SSA through ESSA support it to avoid premature convergence and efficiently find the global optimum solution for many real-world optimization problems. The efficiency of ESSA was verified by testing it on several basic benchmark test functions. A comparative performance analysis between ESSA and other meta-heuristic algorithms was performed. Statistical test methods have evidenced the significance of the results obtained by ESSA. The efficacy of ESSA in solving real-world problems and applications is also demonstrated with five well-known engineering design problems and two real industrial problems. The comparative results show that ESSA imparts better performance and convergence than SSA and other meta-heuristic algorithms.
Keywords: Benchmarking; Comparative performance analysis; Convergence performance; Engineering design problems; Exploration and exploitation; Global optimum solutions; Heuristic algorithms; Iterative methods; Meta heuristic algorithm; Optimal parameter settings; Optimization; Parameter estimation; Real-world optimization; Testing; dept.csc; peer-reviewed

Provenance of late paleozoic glacial/post-glacial deposits in the eastern chaco-paraná basin, uruguay and southernmost paraná basin, brazil - Fedorchuk, Nicholas D.; Griffis, Neil; Isbell, John L.; Goso, César; Rosa, Eduardo L.M.; Montañez, Isabel P.; Yin, Qing-Zhu; Huyskens, Magdalena H.; Sanborn, Matthew E.; Mundil, Roland; Vesely, Fernando Farias; Iannuzzi, Roberto (Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2021)
The Paraná Basin, Brazil and the Chaco-Paraná Basin, Uruguay both contain sedimentary records that are critical to reconstructing late Paleozoic ice centers in central Gondwana. The orientations of subglacial landforms and glaciotectonic structures suggest that late Paleozoic glacial deposits in the eastern Chaco-Paraná Basin and the southernmost Paraná Basin are genetically related, as they were likely glaciated by the same ice center. However, the location and extent of the ice center responsible for depositing these sediments are unclear. Furthermore, changes in sediment dispersal patterns between glacial, inter-glacial, and post-glacial intervals are not understood for this region of Gondwana. Therefore, this study utilized U–Pb detrital zircon geochronology to assess the provenance of glacial and post-glacial sediments from the eastern Chaco-Paraná Basin (San Gregorio, Cerro Pelado, Tres Islas Formations) and the southernmost Paraná Basin (Itararé Group). Results show dominant age peaks at 520–555 Ma, 625 Ma, 750–780 Ma, and 900–1000 Ma in all samples from the eastern Chaco-Paraná Basin. These zircons are interpreted to have been derived from sources in the Cuchilla Dionisio Terrane and Punta del Este Terrane in southeastern Uruguay, and possibly the Namaqua Belt in southern Namibia. Another important source was likely Devonian sedimentary rocks of the Durazno Group in central/eastern Uruguay. Meanwhile, a sample of the glaciogenic Itararé Group from the southernmost Paraná Basin contains a different detrital zircon signature with peaks at 580 Ma, 780 Ma, 2110 Ma, and 2500 Ma that closely resembles underlying sedimentary and meta-sedimentary rocks of the Precambrian/Cambrian Camaquã Basin. Detrital zircon ages in the glacial and post-glacial sediments indicate that local sources were dominant. In contrast, zircon ages from relatively ice-distal glaciomarine intervals in the Chaco-Paraná Basin reflect more distal sources to the east and southeast, which indicates a larger drainage catchment opened when glaciers retreated and/or the zone of maximum subglacial erosion shifted. Although most zircon ages in the Chaco-Paraná Basin can be attributed to Uruguayan sources, results support the hypothesis that glaciers emanated from southern Namibia and southeast Uruguay into the Chaco-Paraná Basin. From there, ice flowed northwest into the Paraná Basin and then receded back towards Africa as the paleoclimate warmed. The detrital zircon inventory in our study region is distinct from the eastern Paraná Basin, suggesting at least two unique African source regions for glaciers that deposited sediments in the Paraná and Chaco-Paraná Basins. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Brazil; Carboniferous; Chaco Basin; Paleozoic; Parana Basin; Uruguay; dept.esc; geochronology; glacial deposit; glacial landform; peer-reviewed; provenance; sediment transport; sedimentary rock; subglacial environment; uranium-lead dating; zircon

Measurement of groomed jet substructure observables in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV with STAR - STAR Collaboration (Physics Letters B, 2020)
In this letter, measurements of the shared momentum fraction (zg) and the groomed jet radius (Rg), as defined in the SoftDrop algorithm, are reported in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV collected by the STAR experiment. These substructure observables are differentially measured for jets of varying resolution parameters from R=0.2−0.6 in the transverse momentum range 15<pT,jet<60 GeV/c. These studies show that, in the pT,jet range accessible at s=200 GeV and with increasing jet resolution parameter and jet transverse momentum, the zg distribution asymptotically converges to the DGLAP splitting kernel for a quark radiating a gluon. The groomed jet radius measurements reflect a momentum-dependent narrowing of the jet structure for jets of a given resolution parameter, i.e., the larger the pT,jet, the narrower the first splitting. For the first time, these fully corrected measurements are compared to Monte Carlo generators with leading order QCD matrix elements and leading log in the parton shower, and to state-of-the-art theoretical calculations at next-to-leading-log accuracy. We observe that PYTHIA 6 with parameters tuned to reproduce RHIC measurements is able to quantitatively describe data, whereas PYTHIA 8 and HERWIG 7, tuned to reproduce LHC data, are unable to provide a simultaneous description of both zg and Rg, resulting in opportunities for fine parameter tuning of these models for p+p collisions at RHIC energies. We also find that the theoretical calculations without non-perturbative corrections are able to qualitatively describe the trend in data for jets of large resolution parameters at high pT,jet, but fail at small jet resolution parameters and low jet transverse momenta.
Keywords: Groomed jet radius; Jet substructure; SoftDrop; Splitting function; dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Affordability, security, sustainability? Grassroots community energy visions from Liverpool, United Kingdom - Morrissey, J.; Schwaller, E.; Dickson, D.; Axon, S. (Energy Research & Social Science, 2020)
Envisioning societal futures for systemic low carbon transition is key to supporting the emergence of new configurations of the energy system. Such visions or ‘imaginaries’ facilitate wider societal support for system change. Given the urgency of the decarbonisation agenda, societal understandings of transitions processes and community ideas and visions about pathways for change assume a key role. The paper addresses an important gap in knowledge of place-based visions of energy system transition by soliciting views of community residents through a survey instrument, on what their perspectives on energy transition are. A case-study of Liverpool UK is presented, conducted as part of the EU Horizon 2020 ENTRUST project. Through a cluster analysis approach of study respondent perspectives, this study identities 4 distinct energy visions: (1) Community Affordability; (2) The Centre Ground; (3) Security First; and (4) Green Affordability. Identified visions present different perspectives on how energy is framed, with each vision characterised by distinct preferences on the extent to which stakeholder groups may influence the energy system as well as different views on the role of specific energy generation methods. Further, visions differ on the role of different actors and institutions in the energy transition. Identified energy visions provide insight into the ways in which grassroots communities consider how the energy system should transition in the coming years. The study contributes to understanding of spatially-situated and socially differentiated views of energy system transition, providing insight into contrasting viewpoints on current and future energy system priorities of residents of Liverpool, UK. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Community; Energy visions; Energy-system; Grassroots; Low carbon transition; dept.egm; peer-reviewed

Contextualizing climate justice activism: Knowledge, emotions, motivations, and actions among climate strikers in six cities - Martiskainen, Mari; Axon, Stephen; Sovacool, Benjamin K.; Sareen, Siddharth; Del Rio, Dylan Furszyfer; Axon, Kayleigh (Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions, 2020)
In August 2018, Swedish teenager Greta Thunberg started to strike from school on Fridays to protest against a lack of action on the climate crisis. Her actions sparked a historically large youth movement, leading to a series of school strikes across the world. Over the course of one week in September 2019, striking school children, students and other grassroots movements, such as Extinction Rebellion, called for everyone to participate in a global Climate Strike. This paper is based on comparative research with climate protesters in six cities: Brighton and London (United Kingdom), Montreal (Canada), New Haven and New York (USA), and Stavanger (Norway). Based on original interviews with 64 protesters, the study examines their knowledge, emotions, motivations, and actions in relation to climate change, including any lifestyle changes they have undertaken before or after their protests. Our findings show that protesters have varying degrees of knowledge about climate change, and have taken a range of actions in their own lives to address climate change. They also manifest a wide spectrum of emotions about climate change, and different motivations for taking part in climate strikes. These features are under-studied and dynamically evolving at the present conjuncture. On this basis, we call for expanded academic attention to human, emotional, epistemic, and seemingly mundane aspects of climate protests, their structural tendencies and relational expressions, and the implications for our ability to address underlying drivers. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Brighton; Brighton and Hove; Canada; Climate protests; Climate strikes; Connecticut; England; Fridays for Future; Greta; Greta Thunberg; London; London [England]; Montreal; New Haven; New York; Norway; Quebec [Canada]; Rogaland; Social activism; Social movements; Stavanger; United Kingdom; United States; action plan; climate change; dept.egm; environmental justice; knowledge; lifestyle; peer; peer-reviewed; psychology

Investigation of the linear and mode-coupled flow harmonics in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 200 GeV - STAR Collaboration (Physics Letters B, 2020)
Flow harmonics (vn) of the Fourier expansion for the azimuthal distributions of hadrons are commonly employed to quantify the azimuthal anisotropy of particle production relative to the collision symmetry planes. While lower order Fourier coefficients (v2 and v3) are more directly related to the corresponding eccentricities of the initial state, the higher-order flow harmonics (vn>3) can be induced by a mode-coupled response to the lower-order anisotropies, in addition to a linear response to the same-order anisotropies. These higher-order flow harmonics and their linear and mode-coupled contributions can be used to more precisely constrain the initial conditions and the transport properties of the medium in theoretical models. The multiparticle azimuthal cumulant method is used to measure the linear and mode-coupled contributions in the higher-order anisotropic flow, the mode-coupled response coefficients, and the correlations of the event plane angles for charged particles as functions of centrality and transverse momentum in Au+Au collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy sNN= 200 GeV. The results are compared to similar LHC measurements as well as to several viscous hydrodynamic calculations with varying initial conditions.
Keywords: Collectivity; Correlation; Shear viscosity; dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Results on total and elastic cross sections in proton–proton collisions at s=200 GeV - STAR Collaboration (Physics Letters B, 2020)
We report results on the total and elastic cross sections in proton-proton collisions at s=200 GeV obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section was measured in the squared four-momentum transfer range 0.045≤−t≤0.135 GeV2. The value of the exponential slope parameter B of the elastic differential cross section dσ/dt∼e−Bt in the measured −t range was found to be B=14.32±0.09(stat.)−0.28+0.13(syst.) GeV−2. The total cross section σtot, obtained from extrapolation of the dσ/dt to the optical point at −t=0, is σtot=54.67±0.21(stat.)−1.38+1.28(syst.) mb. We also present the values of the elastic cross section σel=10.85±0.03(stat.)−0.41+0.49(syst.) mb, the elastic cross section integrated within the STAR t-range σeldet=4.05±0.01(stat.)−0.17+0.18(syst.) mb, and the inelastic cross section σinel=43.82±0.21(stat.)−1.44+1.37(syst.) mb. The results are compared with the world data.
Keywords: Diffraction; Elastic scattering; Proton-proton collisions; dept.phy; peer-reviewed

The socio-cultural dimensions of community-based sustainability: Implications for transformational change - Axon, Stephen (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020)
There is substantial difficulty with effectively, and meaningfully, engaging the public with community-based sustainability projects as a method to facilitate sustainable lifestyles. Individuals engage with community projects in numerous ways: cognitively (knowledge), affectively (emotions), and behaviourally (actions). One prevalent consideration that individuals consider is other peoples’ (lack of) engagement; given that the success of community-based approaches addressing climate change is dependent upon the actions, and participation, of all local residents. Findings from focus groups in seven urban communities in the UK are presented that illustrate clear elements of ‘Othering’ as part of individual engagements with community-based sustainability projects. Primarily, there is substantial consideration towards what other people within the community know, feel, and do to engage with community-based projects. Residents distinguish themselves in opposition to those they view as engaging, and not engaging, in the same way as themselves and indicate the need for equitable participation amongst all residents. These considerations have the potential to project particular barriers on wider community engagement if left to develop, cause tension, and are not resolved. Implications for participatory strategies to meaningfully and effectively engage individuals with community-based sustainability and transformational change are outlined. Insights into how considerations of ‘Othering’ can be overcome so as not to cause negative engagements with other residents and attempts to live sustainably as part of a community approach are illustrated. © 2020
Keywords: Climate change; Communities; Community based approach; Community engagement; Community project; Community-based; Community-based projects; Local residents; Othering; Public engagement; Sustainability project; Sustainability science; Sustainable development; Sustainable lifestyles; Transformational change; Transformations; Urban community; dept.egm; peer-reviewed

Language, labor and reification - McGill, Kenneth (Language Sciences, 2020)
In this article, I attempt to describe how language is reified, using the call center as an extended example. I take up recent debates regarding language and economic value, attempting to disentangle a by now substantial series of arguments about language and commodification. The theoretical core of the paper is drawn from the work of Georg Lukács, who provided the account of reification that was at the root of twentieth century critical theory. Following Lukács, I argue that what is indispensable in the process of reification is both a “contemplative stance” in relation to economic laws and the presence of “special partial systems” within the production process of commodities. These are particularly important considerations for what I refer to as the one-sided rationalization of language that occurs in call centers in particular, but also on a more widespread social basis. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Commodity; Consciousness; Economic value; Language; Reification; dept.ant; peer-reviewed

Reducing Student Nurse Stigmatization of the Patient Who Misuses Opioids A Scoping Review - Maynard, Kristi (Journal of Addictions Nursing, 2020)
The United States is in the midst of an opioid epidemic. The numbers of opioid-related deaths have been steadily climbing, magnifying the need for innovative intervention. Stigma is a set of preconceived, negative assumptions about a patient population or group. Stigma is a known deterrent to communication and the delivery of healthcare. Nurses serve as a primary contact for many marginalized patients within the healthcare system. The purpose of this scoping review is to gather known data on the use of educational interventions with nursing students to reduce stigmatizing tendencies. Inclusion criteria constituted an educational intervention involving student nurses and an effort to reduce stigmatizing attitudes toward patients who misuse opioids. The intervention must have taken place in an institute of higher learning between the years of 2003 and 2018. Exclusion criteria included community-wide studies. A single study was identified addressing nursing student reduction of stigmatization of the individual who uses opioids, and so, the search was expanded to include any student nursing intervention developed to reduce stigma toward any marginalized population. The following electronic databases were utilized in the search process: Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Google Scholar, Journal Storage, Microsoft Academic, and ScienceDirect. Reference pages of selected or related articles were reviewed in an attempt to identify additional pertinent literature through citation mapping. Fifteen studies were identified, each of which utilized a variable methodology for stigma reduction with varying levels of success. © Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Keywords: Attitude of Health Personnel; Clinical Competence; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Social Stigma; Stereotyping; Students, Nursing; clinical competence; dept.nur; education; health personnel attitude; human; nurse; nursing student; opiate addiction; opioid misuse; peer-reviewed; psychology; social stigma; stereotyping; stigma; student

Big five, linguistic styles, and successful online learning - Abe, J. (Internet and Higher Education, 2020)
With the tremendous growth in online classes and programs at institutions of higher education, conflicting claims are increasingly being made on media and blog sites about the personality types that are compatible with this new learning format. The relations between the Five Factor Model of Personality (FFM) and linguistic styles with measures of academic performance in fully online asynchronous classes were examined. Consistent with findings based on research in face-to-face classes, Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience, and Analytic Thinking were associated with academic success. There was no support for the views propagated on the internet that extraversion, introversion, or anxiety hinder or foster online learning. The most robust predictor of academic performance throughout the semester, independent of the personality variables, was the number of words students contributed to the online discussions. These finding are interpreted within the Community of Inquiry framework (CoI; Garrison, 2003) and future lines of research are suggested. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
Keywords: Academic performance; Community of Inquiry framework (CoI); Community of inquiry; E-learning; Education computing; Five Factor Model Of Personality (FFM); Five-factor model of personality; LIWC; Linguistic analysis; Linguistics; Online learning; dept.psy; peer-reviewed

Equity, achievement, and thriving in nursing academic progression - Aragon, Sofia; Beauvais, Audrey M.; Friday, Vivienne; Green, Cheryl; Kiger, Anna J.; King, Simmy; Lear, Tina; Mahowald, Jane; McGuill, Gail; Perkins, Danielle; Valdez, Anna Maria; Velasco, Brian; et al. (Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 2020)
Keywords: dept.nur; equity; nursing education; peer-reviewed; progression

Establishing a global standard for wearable devices in sport and fitness: Perspectives from the new england chapter of the american college of sports medicine members. - Ash, Garrett I.; Stults-Kolehmainen, Matthew A.; Busa, Michael A.; Gregory, Robert; Garber, Carol Ewing; Liu, Jason; Gerstein, Mark; Casajús, José A.; González-Agüero, A.; Constantinou, Demitri; Geistlinger, Michael; Guppy, Fergus M.; et al. (Current sports medicine reports, 2020)
The recent explosion of wearable technology and the associated concerns prompted the International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) to create a quality assurance standard for wearable devices, which provides commissioned testing of marketing claims and endorsement of commercial wearables that test favorably. An open forum as announced in the conference advertising was held at the Annual Meeting of the New England Regional Chapter of the American College of Sports Medicine (NEACSM) November 7 to 8, 2019, in Providence, Rhode Island, USA for attending NEACSM members to voice their input on the process. Herein, we report the proceedings. The round table participants perceived the quality assurance standard to be important, but identified some practical process challenges that included the broad scope and complexity of the device universe, the need for a multiphase testing pathway, and the associated fees for product evaluation. The participants also supported the evaluation of device data analysis, behavioral influences, and user experience in the overall evaluation. Looking forward, the FIMS quality assurance standard faces the challenge of balancing these broader perspectives with practical constraints of budget, facilities, time, and human resources. © 2020 by the American College of Sports Medicine.
Keywords: Fitness Trackers; Humans; New England; Sports; Sports Medicine; United States; Wearable Electronic Devices; activity tracker; adult; article; budget; cosmos; data analysis; dept.hms; electronic device; human; peer-reviewed; quality control; sport; sports medicine

Detection of multiple grapevine viruses in New England vineyards - Borges, Darlan Ferreira; Preising, Stephanie; de Queiroz Ambrósio, Márcia Michelle; da Silva, Washington Luis (Crop Protection, 2020)
Vineyards in the New England region of the USA were surveyed for the occurrence of grapevine viruses. A total of ten vineyards were visited and 62 composite samples of leaves with the petioles were collected from symptomatic grapevines (Vitis spp.). All of the samples were assayed by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISA) using antibodies specific for four major grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, and GLRaV-4), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), and tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV). Positive ELISA samples were further tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific for each of the viruses to confirm the ELISA results. Twenty-two samples were infected with at least one of the viruses tested. GLRaV-3 (24.19%) was the most prevalent virus detected followed by GLRaV-1 (12.90%), ToRSV (3.23%), and GLRaV-2 and TRSV (1.61%). This is the first study reporting on the presence of grapevine viruses in New England. Extensive surveys need to be conducted to evaluate the prevalence and economic impact of these viruses on New England vineyards. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Grapevine fanleaf virus; Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1; Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3; Grapevine viruses; New England; Tobacco ringspot virus; Tomato ringspot virus; United States; Vineyards; Vitis; dept.bio; detection method; economic impact; pathogen; peer-reviewed; tobacco; vineyard; viral disease; virus

Capacitive swipe gesture based smartphone user authentication and identification - Rilvan, Mohamed Azard; Chao, Jedrik; Hossain, Md Shafaeat (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020)
Weaknesses in smartphone security pose a severe privacy threat to users. Currently, smartphones are secured through methods such as passwords, fingerprint scanners, and facial recognition cameras. To explore new methods and strengthen smartphone security, we developed a capacitive swipe based user authentication and identification technique. Swipe is a gesture that a user performs throughout the usage of a smartphone. Our methodology focuses on using the capacitive touchscreen to capture the user's swipe. While the user swipes, a series of capacitive frames are captured for each swipe. We developed an algorithm to process this series of capacitive frames pertaining to the swipe. While different swipes may contain different numbers of capacitive frames, our algorithm normalizes the frames by constructing the same number of frames for every swipe. After applying the algorithm, we transform the normalized frames into gray scale images. We apply principal component analysis (PCA) to these images to extract principal components, which are then used as features to authenticate/identify the user. We tested random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms as classifiers. For authentication, the performance of SVM (tested with left swipes) was more promising than RF, yielding a maximum accuracy of 79.88% with an FAR and FRR of 15.84% and 50%, respectively. SVM (tested with right swipes) produced our maximum identification accuracy at 57.81% along with an FAR and FRR of 0.60% and 42.18%, respectively. © 2020 IEEE.
Keywords: Authentication; Decision trees; Face recognition; Facial recognition; Fingerprint scanners; Identification accuracy; Identification techniques; Mobile security; Principal Components; Privacy by design; Smartphone securities; Smartphone security; Smartphones; Support vector machine algorithm; Support vector machines; User authentication; authentication; capacitive swipe; capacitive touchscreen; dept.csc; identification

Do monetary incentives undermine performance on intrinsically enjoyable tasks? A field test - Esteves-Sorenson, Constança; Broce, Robert (The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2022)
Economists have long been intrigued by an influential literature in psychology positing that monetary pay lowers performance on enjoyable tasks by crowding out agents’ intrinsic interest in them. But typical experiments in this literature do not report a full set of performance metrics, which might reveal conflicting evidence on crowding out. Further, they may suffer from confounds. To evaluate these issues, we review over 100 prior tests and run a field experiment building on the canonical two-session test for crowding out wherein agents receive pay for an interesting activity in session 1 that is withdrawn unexpectedly in session 2. We test whether pay harms performance using a comprehensive set of performance measures, and if so, whether unmet pay expectations might also contribute to this decline. Our results on output, productivity and quits are most consistent with a standard economics model than with a crowding-out one. Additional, though more speculative, evidence suggests that unmet pay expectations may harm output quality. © 2020 The President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Keywords: dept.swk; peer-reviewed

Re/Un/Discover: An embodied heuristic for uncertainties in social work practice - Keenan, Elizabeth King (Australian Social Work, 2021)
Social workers have always worked with and within uncertainties in practice, but the COVID-19 pandemic is amplifying the frequency and degree of uncertainty across ecological levels. Social workers need enhanced capacity to work with these uncertainties and the impact on individual and collective wellbeing. The RE/UN/DIScover heuristic guides social workers’ responses to the wide range of practice uncertainties experienced in the moment and over time. Drawing on understandings of embodied wellbeing from interpersonal neurobiology and the power relations manifest in intersectional positionality, RE/UN/DIScover offers embodied, iterative practices to access the wealth of capabilities within self and others. IMPLICATIONS Disruptions and uncertainties connected with pandemics, economic recessions, continued systemic injustices and other human-made problems can challenge social workers and impact the wellbeing of individuals and communities. Heuristics are guides that sort, order, and inform decisions and actions. The RE/UN/DIScover heuristic uses knowledge about embodied wellbeing and various forms of power to guide social workers. RE/UN/DIScover offers social workers practices to use with uncertainties both in the moment and over time. © 2020 Australian Association of Social Workers.
Keywords: dept.swk; peer-reviewed

A novel meta-heuristic search algorithm for solving optimization problems: capuchin search algorithm - Braik, Malik; Sheta, Alaa; Heba, Al-Hiary (Neural Computing & Applications, 2021)
Meta-heuristic search algorithms were successfully used to solve a variety of problems in engineering, science, business, and finance. Meta-heuristic algorithms share common features since they are population-based approaches that use a set of tuning parameters to evolve new solutions based on the natural behavior of creatures. In this paper, we present a novel nature-inspired search optimization algorithm called the capuchin search algorithm (CapSA) for solving constrained and global optimization problems. The key inspiration of CapSA is the dynamic behavior of capuchin monkeys.The basic optimization characteristics of this new algorithm are designed by modeling the social actions of capuchins during wandering and foraging over trees and riverbanks in forests while searching for food sources. Some of the common behaviors of capuchins during foraging that are implemented in this algorithm are leaping, swinging, and climbing. Jumping is an effective mechanism used by capuchins to jump from tree to tree. The other foraging mechanisms exercised by capuchins, known as swinging and climbing, allow the capuchins to move small distances over trees, tree branches, and the extremities of the tree branches. These locomotion mechanisms eventually lead to feasible solutions of global optimization problems. The proposed algorithm is benchmarked on 23 well-known benchmark functions, as well as solving several challenging and computationally costly engineering problems. A broad comparative study is conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of CapSA over several prominent meta-heuristic algorithms in terms of optimization precision and statistical test analysis. Overall results show that CapSA renders more precise solutions with a high convergence rate compared to competitive meta-heuristic methods. © 2020, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
Keywords: Biomimetics; Constrained optimization; Cost engineering; Effective mechanisms; Engineering problems; Forestry; Global optimization; Global optimization problems; Heuristic algorithms; Heuristic methods; Learning algorithms; Locomotion mechanism; Meta heuristic algorithm; Meta-heuristic methods; Meta-heuristic search algorithms; Optimization problems; dept.csc; peer-reviewed

A fig deal: A global look at fig mosaic disease and its putative associates. - Preising, Stephanie; Borges, Darlan; de Queiroz Ambrósio, Márcia Michelle; da Silva, Washington L. (Plant disease, 2021)
Keywords: Badnavirus; Connecticut; Ficus; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; dept.bio; peer-reviewed; phylogeny; plant disease

COVID-19: effectiveness of socioeconomic factors in containing the spread and mortality - Ang, Joshua Ping; Dong, Fang; Patalinghug, Jason (International Review of Applied Economics, 2021)
This paper presents a study on 80 countries that evaluates the socioeconomic factors in containing the spread and mortality of COVID-19. Our results show that the long-term social factors such as lower personal freedom, better education in science, and past coronavirus outbreak experience are more effective than the economic factors such as higher healthcare-associated factors per 1000 population and larger GDP. However, using GDP per capita as the instrumental variable, we also find that the richer countries with a high degree of personal freedom have a higher number of infection or death cases per million population because they would be less likely to adhere to and implement the policy of the movement restrictions to restrict their access to goods and services. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Gross Domestic Product; dept.eco; disease control; disease spread; epidemic; global perspective; mortality; pandemic; peer-reviewed; regression analysis; socioeconomic conditions

Effectiveness of symmetric rejection for a secure and user convenient multistage biometric system - Hossain, Md. S.; Balagani, Kiran S.; Phoha, Vir V. (Pattern Analysis and Applications, 2021)
A multistage biometric verification system uses multiple biometrics and/or multiple biometric verifiers to generate a verification decision. The core of a multistage biometric verification system is reject option which allows a stage not to give a genuine/impostor decision when it is not confident enough. This paper studies the effectiveness of symmetric rejection for multistage biometric verification systems. The symmetric rejection method determines the reject region by symmetrically rejecting equal proportion of genuine and impostor scores. The applicability of a multistage biometric verification system depends on how secure and user convenient it is, which is measured by the performance–cost trade-off. This paper analyzes the performance–cost trade-off of symmetric rejection method by conducting extensive experiments. Experiments are performed on two biometric databases: (1) publicly available NIST database and (2) a keystroke database. In addition, the symmetric rejection method is empirically compared with two existing rejection methods: (1) sequential probability ratio test-based method, which uses score-fusion and (2) Marcialis et al.’s method, which does not use score fusion. Results demonstrate strong effect of symmetric rejection method on creating a secure and user convenient multistage biometric verification system.
Keywords: dept.csc; peer-reviewed

Motivating students with learning disabilities to read - Wei, Yan; Spear-Swerling, Louise; Mercurio, Mia (Intervention in School and Clinic, 2021)
Students may lack the motivation to read for many reasons, including inadequate access to interesting texts, limited encouragement to read for pleasure from adults, instructional practices that do not foster engagement in learning, or a history of reading failure. This article focuses on students with reading disabilities who may have a long-standing dislike of reading born of repeated negative experiences with learning to read. Motivating these students to read for pleasure may seem like an unattainable goal. However, past difficulties in reading do not necessarily mean that children will dislike reading forever. In conjunction with appropriate academic interventions, student interest in reading might be improved by motivational interventions aligned with a theoretical framework discussed in this article: (a) choosing interesting texts to read, (b) stimulating knowledge-based interest, and (c) enhancing task-based interest.
Keywords: dept.sed; peer-reviewed

Derivative use, ownership structure and lending activities of US banks - Abugri, Benjamin A; Osah, Theophilus Teye (Journal of Economics and Finance, 2021)
Following the 2007–2008 financial crisis, there is widespread interest in understanding how derivative use drives bank lending behavior. Our paper examines the impact of bank ownership structure on the relationship between derivative use and lending activities of U.S. banks. We find that lending recovered faster in larger banks than smaller banks post-crisis and in line with Diamond’s (Diamond DW 1984 Financial intermediation and delegated monitoring. Rev Econ Stud 51:393–414) systemic risk reduction theory, derivative use is positively associated with lending growth. Ownership is significant in explaining the magnitude of the relationship even after controlling for alternative specifications of the derivative use variable. In both normal and crisis periods, the speed of adjustment of lending to derivatives use by stock banks lags that of mutual banks. We suggest that speculative trading in derivatives substitutes for lending growth to a larger extent for stock banks compared to mutual banks. These findings may have important implications for investors and bank regulators. © 2020, Academy of Economics and Finance.
Keywords: dept.eco; dept.fin; peer-reviewed

Identifying bound stellar companions to kepler exoplanet host stars using speckle imaging - Colton, Nicole M.; Horch, Elliott P; Everett, Mark E; Howell, Steve B; Davidson, James W., Jr.; Baptista, Brian J.; Casetti-Dinescu, Dana I (Astronomical Journal, 2021)
The Kepler mission and subsequent ground-based follow-up observations have revealed a number of exoplanet host stars with nearby stellar companions. This study presents speckle observations of 57 Kepler objects of interest (KOIs) that are also double stars, each observed over a 3-8 yr period, which has allowed us to track their relative motions with high precision. Measuring the position angle and separation of the companion with respect to the primary can help determine if the pair exhibits common proper motion, indicating it is likely to be a bound binary system. We report on the motions of 34 KOIs that have close stellar companions, three of which are triple stars, for a total of 37 companions studied. Eighteen of the 34 systems are confirmed exoplanet hosts, including one triple star, while four other systems have been subsequently judged to be false positives and twelve are yet to be confirmed as planet hosts. We find that 21 are most likely to be common proper motion pairs, 4 are line-of-sight companions, and 12 are of an uncertain disposition at present. The fraction of the confirmed exoplanet host systems that are common proper motion pairs is approximately 86% in this sample. In this subsample, the planets are exclusively found with periods of less than 110 days, so that in all cases the stellar companion is found at a much larger separation from the planet host star than the planet itself. A preliminary period-radius relation for the confirmed planets in our sample suggests no obvious differences at this stage with the full sample of known exoplanets. © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Keywords: dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Consumer responses toward symmetric versus asymmetric facial expression emojis - Hewage, G.S. Urumutta; Liu, Yue; Wang, Ze; Mao, Huifang (Marketing Letters, 2021)
Facial expression emojis are commonly used in digital communications and marketing campaigns. However, it is less known how the design of emojis may affect consumer responses. To address this gap, this research examines the impact of emojis’ facial asymmetry levels on consumer judgments. Findings across four studies demonstrate that compared with their symmetric counterparts, asymmetric facial expression emojis are more likely to receive favorable consumer evaluations. This effect is driven by perceptions of human expression resemblance and emotional expression strength and tends to be more prominent among consumers with a higher level of emotional sensitivity. Moreover, marketing messages including an asymmetric (vs. a symmetric) emoji are more likely to generate positive consumer responses.
Keywords: dept.mkt; peer-reviewed

HAT-P-68b: A transiting hot jupiter around a K5 dwarf star - Lindor, Bethlee M.; Hartman, Joel D.; Bakos, Gáspár Á.; Bhatti, Waqas; Csubry, Zoltan; Penev, Kaloyan; Bieryla, Allyson; Lathman, David W; Torres, Guillermo; Buchhave, Lars A; de Val-Borro, Miguel; Howard, Andrew W; et al. (Astronomical Journal, 2021)
We report the discovery by the ground-based Hungarian-made Automated Telescope Network (HATNet) survey of the transiting exoplanet HAT-P-68b, which has a mass of 0.724 ± 0.043 MJ, and radius of 1.072 ± 0.012 RJ. The planet is in a circular P = 2.2984 day orbit around a moderately bright V = 13.937 ± 0.030 magnitude K-dwarf star of mass ${0.673}_{-0.014}^{+0.020}$ M⊙, and radius 0.6726 ± 0.0069 R⊙. The planetary nature of this system is confirmed through follow-up transit photometry obtained with the Fred L. Whipple Observatory (FLWO) 1.2 m telescope, high-precision radial velocities measured using Keck I/High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES), FLWO 1.5 m/Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph (TRES), and Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) 1.9 m/Sophie, and high-spatial-resolution speckle imaging from WIYN 3.5 m/DSSI. HAT-P-68 is at an ecliptic latitude of +3° and outside the field of view of both the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite primary mission and the K2 mission. The large transit depth of 0.036 mag (r band) makes HAT-P-68b a promising target for atmospheric characterization via transmission spectroscopy.
Keywords: dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Short selling prior to going concern disclosures - Huang, Jian; Wang, Lei; Yu, Han; Zhang, Zhen (Accounting and Business Research, 2020)
We provide insights into how the market processes going concern audit opinions based on the trading of some well-documented sophisticated investors–short sellers. We find that abnormal short selling increases significantly upon impending going concern disclosures. While prior literature attributed much of short selling around some corporate events to private information, we find evidence that pre-going-concern announcement short selling reflects both privately informed trading and processing of public information by short sellers. Further, a negative relation between pre-announcement short selling and post-announcement short-term stock returns exists for stocks with less short sale constraints. We also find moderate evidence associating short selling with subsequent bankruptcy to some extent. Overall, these results suggest that short sellers front run going concern announcements based on private information and fundamentals, although trading constraints prevent them fully impounding the severity of negative information in the short run, providing a partial explanation for the long-run price drift post-going concern. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Keywords: dept.fin; peer-reviewed

The problem of evil in the Neo-Confucian context: Wang Yangming’s view on evil - Yang, Xiaomei (Asian Philosophy, 2020)
Wang Yangming believes that human nature is entirely good. A question naturally arises: where is evil from? It has been argued that Wang’s idealism gives rise to the problem of evil. I first argue that the difficulty for Wang to have a coherent account of evil can be removed when his idealism is understood in a narrow sense. Second, I offer an account of Wang’s view on evil in three steps. First, I argue that evil comes from the interaction between humans and the external world according to Wang. Second, I show that given Wang’s account of human nature with three aspects, there is no contradiction between Wang’s claim that human nature is the same in everyone and Wang’s claim about differences in our natural endowment which affect our moral practice. Third, I argue that Wang’s doctrine of non-distinction of good and evil in the original substance of human nature is uniquely Confucian. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Keywords: Human nature; dept.phi; idealism; origin of evil; peer-reviewed; physical nature

N400 amplitude, latency, and variability reflect temporal integration of beat gesture and pitch accent during language processing. - Morett, Laura M; Landi, Nicole; Irwin, Julia; McPartland, James C (Brain Research, 2020)
This study examines how across-trial (average) and trial-by-trial (variability in) amplitude and latency of the N400 event-related potential (ERP) reflect temporal integration of pitch accent and beat gesture. Thirty native English speakers viewed videos of a talker producing sentences with beat gesture co-occurring with a pitch accented focus word (synchronous), beat gesture co-occurring with the onset of a subsequent non-focused word (asynchronous), or the absence of beat gesture (no beat). Across trials, increased amplitude and earlier latency were observed when beat gesture was temporally asynchronous with pitch accenting than when it was temporally synchronous with pitch accenting or absent. Moreover, temporal asynchrony of beat gesture relative to pitch accent increased trial-by-trial variability of N400 amplitude and latency and influenced the relationship between across-trial and trial-by-trial N400 latency. These results indicate that across-trial and trial-by-trial amplitude and latency of the N400 ERP reflect temporal integration of beat gesture and pitch accent during language comprehension, supporting extension of the integrated systems hypothesis of gesture-speech processing and neural noise theories to focus processing in typical adult populations. Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Adolescent; Adult; Beat gesture; Brain; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Evoked response variability; Female; Humans; Language; Male; N400; Pitch Perception; Pitch accent; Speech; Speech Perception; Temporal integration; Young Adult; adolescent; adult; article; brain; comprehension; controlled study; dept.psy; electroencephalography; event related potential; evoked response; female; gesture; human; human experiment; language; language processing; male; noise; peer-reviewed; physiology; pitch; pitch perception; speech; speech perception; videorecording; young adult

Nurses and Patients' Perspectives on Spiritual Health Assessment - Green, Cheryl (Journal of Religion & Health, 2020)
Nurses conduct physical and psychosocial assessments during admissions to healthcare facilities. Patients rely upon nurses to provide support and education during their journey, from periods of health decline to states of optimal wellness. Therefore, nurses are an ideal population to assess spiritual health. The value and necessity of spiritual assessment were explored on an inpatient unit providing medical and palliative care to patients. Two spiritual assessment tools, comprised each of five items, were evaluated by nursing staff and patients. Spiritual Assessment Tool 1 used language that was unaffiliated with religion, nor a belief in God, and Spiritual Assessment Tool 2 used language affiliated with faith and belief in God. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Keywords: Attitude of Health Personnel; Humans; Nursing Staff; Palliative Care; Patients; Religion; Spirituality; adult; article; dept.nur; health personnel attitude; hospital patient; human; language; nursing staff; palliative therapy; patient; peer-reviewed; religion

No more nursing homes? Changes in consumer preferences for long-term care facilities following COVID-19 - Schultz, Amber F; Yu, Jia (British Journal of Healthcare Management, 2020)
Since the first COVID-19 case was discovered in December 2019, over 12.1 million cases have been reported in more than 188 countries and territories. In the USA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has confirmed almost 3.05 million COVID-19 cases, with more than 132 000 deaths. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a particularly dramatic impact on the elderly and those with chronic underlying medical disorders. Before the second outbreak in July, long-term care facilities were the most severely affected in terms of case numbers, especially nursing homes. This article provides information and insight into the potential changes in consumer preferences toward long-term care facility selection and the possible structural change of the long-term care industry in three aspects; structure, conduct and performance. © 2020 MA Healthcare Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Covid-19; Home care service; Long-term care facility; Nursing home; dept.eco; peer-reviewed

The Association Between Endotracheal Tube Size and Aspiration (During Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing) in Acute Respiratory Failure Survivors - Krisciunas, Gintas P.; Langmore, Susan E.; Gomez-Taborda, Stephanie; Fink, Daniel; Levitt, Joseph E.; McKeehan, Jeffrey; McNally, Edel; Scheel, Rebecca; Rubio, Alix C.; Siner, Jonathan M.; Vojnik, Rosemary; Warner, Heather; et al. (Critical Care Medicine, 2020)
Objectives: To determine whether a modifiable risk factor, endotracheal tube size, is associated with the diagnosis of postextubation aspiration in survivors of acute respiratory failure. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: ICUs at four academic tertiary care medical centers. Patients: Two hundred ten patients who were at least 18 years old, admitted to an ICU, and mechanically ventilated with an endotracheal tube for longer than 48 hours were enrolled. Interventions: Within 72 hours of extubation, all patients received a flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing examination that entailed administration of ice, thin liquid, thick liquid, puree, and cracker boluses. Patient demographics, treatment variables, and hospital outcomes were abstracted from the patient's medical records. Endotracheal tube size was independently selected by the patient's treating physicians. Measurements and Main Results: For each flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing examination, laryngeal pathology was evaluated, and for each bolus, a Penetration Aspiration Scale score was assigned. Aspiration (Penetration Aspiration Scale score ≥ 6) was further categorized into nonsilent aspiration (Penetration Aspiration Scale score = 6 or 7) and silent aspiration (Penetration Aspiration Scale score = 8). One third of patients (n = 68) aspirated (Penetration Aspiration Scale score ≥ 6) on at least one bolus, 13.6% (n = 29) exhibited silent aspiration, and 23.8% (n = 50) exhibited nonsilent aspiration. In a multivariable analysis, endotracheal tube size (≤ 7.5 vs ≥ 8.0) was significantly associated with patients exhibiting any aspiration (Penetration Aspiration Scale score ≥ 6) (p = 0.016; odds ratio = 2.17; 95% CI 1.14-4.13) and with risk of developing laryngeal granulation tissue (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Larger endotracheal tube size was associated with increased risk of aspiration and laryngeal granulation tissue. Using smaller endotracheal tubes may reduce the risk of postextubation aspiration. © 2020 International Anesthesia Research Society.
Keywords: Adult; Aged; Airway extubation; Deglutition; Deglutition disorders; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Intratracheal intubation; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Aspiration; Respiratory Insufficiency; Respiratory aspiration; Respiratory distress syndrome; Risk Factors; Survivors; acid aspiration; adverse event; aged; artificial ventilation; clinical trial; dept.cmd; devices; endotracheal intubation; female; human; intensive care unit; male; middle aged; multicenter study; peer-reviewed; physiology; procedures; prospective study; respiratory failure; risk factor; survivor; swallowing

Development of an Accurate Bedside Swallowing Evaluation Decision Tree Algorithm for Detecting Aspiration in Acute Respiratory Failure Survivors - Moss, Marc; White, S. David; Warner, Heather; Dvorkin, Daniel; Fink, Daniel; Gomez-Taborda, Stephanie; Higgins, Carrie; Krisciunas, Gintas P.; Levitt, Joseph E.; McKeehan, Jeffrey; McNally, Edel; Rubio, Alix; et al. (Chest, 2020)
Background: The bedside swallowing evaluation (BSE) is an assessment of swallowing function and airway safety during swallowing. After extubation, the BSE often is used to identify the risk of aspiration in acute respiratory failure (ARF) survivors. Research Question: We conducted a multicenter prospective study of ARF survivors to determine the accuracy of the BSE and to develop a decision tree algorithm to identify aspiration risk. Study Design and Methods: Patients extubated after ≥ 48 hours of mechanical ventilation were eligible. Study procedures included the BSE followed by a gold standard evaluation, the flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Results: Overall, 213 patients were included in the final analysis. Median time from extubation to BSE was 25 hours (interquartile range, 21-45 hours). The FEES was completed 1 hour after the BSE (interquartile range, 0.5-2 hours). A total of 33% (70/213; 95% CI, 26.6%-39.2%) of patients aspirated on at least one FEES bolus consistency test. Thin liquids were the most commonly aspirated consistency: 27% (54/197; 95% CI, 21%-34%). The BSE detected any aspiration with an accuracy of 52% (95% CI, 45%-58%), a sensitivity of 83% (95% CI, 74%-92%), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 81% (95% CI, 72%-91%). Using recursive partitioning analyses, a five-variable BSE-based decision tree algorithm was developed that improved the detection of aspiration with an accuracy of 81% (95% CI, 75%-87%), sensitivity of 95% (95% CI, 90%-98%), and NPV of 97% (95% CI, 95%-99%). Interpretation: The BSE demonstrates variable accuracy to identify patients at high risk for aspiration. Our decision tree algorithm may enhance the BSE and may be used to identify patients at high risk for aspiration, yet requires further validation. Trial Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT02363686; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov; © 2020 American College of Chest Physicians
Keywords: Airway Extubation; Algorithms; Article; Decision Trees; Deglutition; Female; Humans; Male; Point-of-Care Testing; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Aspiration; Respiratory Insufficiency; Risk Assessment; Survivors; Symptom Assessment; United States; acid aspiration; acute respiratory failure; adult; adverse event; aged; algorithm; artificial ventilation; aspiration; bedside swallowing evaluation; clinical trial; controlled study; decision tree; dept.cmd; diagnostic accuracy; diagnostic test accuracy study; digestive system examination; dysphagia; epidemiology; extubation; female; flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing; gastrointestinal endoscopy; high risk patient; human; intubation; major clinical study; male; multicenter study; oxygen; oxygen therapy; pathophysiology; peer-reviewed; point of care testing; predictive value; priority journal; procedures; prospective study; pulmonary aspiration; reproducibility; respiratory failure; risk assessment; sensitivity and specificity; speech language pathologist; survivor; swallowing; symptom assessment

“Dad, wash your hands”: Gender, care work, and attitudes toward risk during the COVID-19 pandemic - Umamaheswar, Janani; Tan, Catherine (Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 2020)
Recent analyses of responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have posited that men’s dismissive attitudes toward the risks of the virus reflect their attempts to conform to masculine norms that valorize bravery and strength. In this article, the authors develop an alternative account of the gender differences in attitudes toward COVID-19. Drawing on three waves of in-depth interviews with college students and members of their households (n = 45) over a period of 16 weeks (for a total of 120 interviews), the authors find that men and women in comparable circumstances perceive similar risks of COVID-19, but they diverge in their attitudes toward, and responses to, these risks. Connecting scholarship on gender and care work with research on risk, the authors argue that gender differences in attitudes toward risk are influenced by the unique and strenuous care work responsibilities generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which are borne primarily by women—and from which men are exempt. © The Author(s) 2020.
Keywords: COVID-19; care work; dept.soc; gender; pandemic; peer-reviewed; risk perception

Redemptive children and historical memory: Luis mateo díez’s la gloria de los niños (2007) - Weng, Miaowei (Bulletin of Spanish Studies, 2020)
This article explores contemporary Spanish writer Luis Mateo Díez’s 2007 novel, La gloria de los niños, focusing on the construction of a redemptive child who mends the broken world and keeps alive historical memory. The author looks beyond one single nation state in his reconstruction of children and childhood under the Franco regime. Hidden behind his approach to the reconstruction of the ‘glorious children’ under Franco emerges, on the one hand, his dissolution of any authoritative version of Franco-era children and, on the other, his broader vision and desire to examine Spain and Spanish historical memory in a global context. © 2020 Bulletin of Spanish Studies.
Keywords: Childhood under Franco; Historical Memory; La gloria de los niños; Ladri di biciclette (1948); Luis Mateo Díez; Post Civil War period; Redemptive Child; Vittorio de Sica; Walter Benjamin; dept.wll; peer-reviewed

Looking back and moving forward: SOPHE's 70 years of contributions to health education. - Alber, Julia M.; Allegrante, John P.; Auld, M. Elaine; Breny, Jean M. (Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 2020)
Founded in 1950, the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) provides leadership to the health education profession and promotes the health of all people through six strategic commitments: developing and promoting standards for professional preparation and credentialing of community and school health educators; stimulating research on the theory, practice, and teaching of health education; supporting elimination of health disparities and the achievement of health equity; providing continuing education of the health education workforce; advocating for policy and legislation affecting public health and health promotion; and supporting a network of local chapters. This article describes how SOPHE has pursued these strategic commitments during the past 70 years and discusses challenges that will influence the future of SOPHE and the contours of the research and practice agendas of the field going forward. © 2020 Society for Public Health Education.
Keywords: Education, Public Health Professional; Health Education; Health Educators; Health Promotion; Humans; Public Health; SOPHE; accreditation; achievement; article; credentialing; dept.pch; education; health disparity; health education; health educator; health equity; health promotion; history; human; human experiment; law; leadership; medical education; occupation; peer-reviewed; public health; school health service; teaching; theory-practice relationship; workforce

Tensions and connections between social work and anti-capitalist disability activism: disability rights, disability justice, and implications for practice - Eiler, Elijah C.; D'Angelo, Karen (Journal of Community Practice, 2020)
Social work’s relationship to disability activism under capitalism is an underexplored area of the profession’s literature. This paper aims to help address this gap by providing a conceptual discussion of the tensions within disability activism, within social work, and between the two. Lenin’s analysis of the state is used to integrate opposing ideologies. We begin by providing a historical overview of the disability rights and disability justice movements along with recommendations for an integrated approach. We then connect ideological trends within social work to these models. We end with implications for social work practice with disabled people and suggested research. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: Lenin; Radical social work; anarchism; dept.swk; disability justice; disability rights; mutual aid; peer-reviewed

Who are My Family Members? A Solution Based on Image Processing and Machine Learning - Kiley, Matthew R.; Hossain, Md Shafaeat (International Journal of Image and Graphics, 2020)
Image creation and retention are growing at an exponential rate. Individuals produce more images today than ever in history and often these images contain family. In this paper, we develop a framework to detect or identify family in a face image dataset. The ability to identify family in a dataset of images could have a critical impact on finding lost and vulnerable children, identifying terror suspects, social media interactions, and other practical applications. We evaluated our framework by performing experiments on two facial image datasets, the Y-Face and KinFaceW, comprising 37 and 920 images, respectively. We tested two feature extraction techniques, namely PCA and HOG, and three machine learning algorithms, namely K-Means, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, and K nearest neighbors. We achieved promising results with a maximum detection rate of 94.59% using K-Means, 89.18% with agglomerative clustering, and 77.42% using K-nearest neighbors. © 2020 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Keywords: Agglomerative clustering; Agglomerative hierarchical clustering; Exponential rates; Facial images; Family detection; Feature extraction techniques; Hierarchical clustering; Image creation; K -means; K-means clustering; K-nearest neighbors; Learning algorithms; Machine learning; Maximum detection rates; Motion compensation; Nearest neighbor search; agglomerative hierarchical clustering; dept.csc; face image clustering; family identification; peer-reviewed

The print exposure of teacher candidates in relation to their achievement and self-ratings of early reading experiences - Spear-Swerling, Louise; Wei, Yan; Dostal, Hannah; Hernandez, Brittney (Reading and Writing, 2020)
This study examined the print exposure of teacher candidates (N = 195) in relation to their GPAs, achievement in reading and writing on the SAT, and their self-ratings of their own early (K to Grade 5) reading experiences. Participants came from undergraduate and Masters programs in varied certification areas and from two different universities. Print exposure measures included author recognition tests for both fiction and nonfiction; a questionnaire about participants’ current voluntary reading habits for books, magazines, newspapers, and digital print media; and favorite authors/books questions. Exploratory factor analysis suggested four factors underlying the different print exposure measures: (1) fiction book reading volume; (2) current magazine and newspaper reading; (3) nonfiction book reading volume and (4) current book reading habits for enjoyment. Only fiction and nonfiction book reading volume related positively to participants’ achievement, in writing as well as reading, and to their early reading experience ratings. A subgroup of participants who had taken a specific reading methods course involving structured language content, and who had positive early reading experience self-ratings, had higher performance in the course than did participants with mixed or negative self-ratings, although the two groups did not differ in overall GPA. Findings support the view that different measures of print exposure tap somewhat different aspects of print exposure, with differing relationships to varied indicators of achievement. Results also support concerns about the reading volume and print exposure of some teacher candidates. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.
Keywords: Print exposure; Reading; Reading habits; Teacher candidates; Teacher preparation; Writing; dept.sed; peer-reviewed

Transdisciplinary Approach Practicum for Speech-Language Pathology and Special Education Graduate Students - Weiss, Deborah; Cook, Barbara; Eren, Ruth (Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2020)
Speech-language pathology and special education graduate student teams participated in an intensive summer practicum for social communication skills with children with autism spectrum disorders, utilizing a transdisciplinary approach that aligned to the frameworks utilized for implementation science. Questionnaires measuring transdisciplinary approach knowledge and comfort level were administered pre/post-practicum. Results of the questionnaires, written daily team reflections, course evaluations, and a focus group interview indicated an increase in all measures, including an increased knowledge of TA, increased understanding and comfort level with the other discipline, and a higher level of confidence and openness in working collaboratively utilizing a transdisciplinary approach. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Keywords: Academic Performance; Article; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autism spectrum disorder; Child; Collaborative teaming; Communication; Education, Special; Female; Humans; Implementation science; Interdisciplinary Research; Interprofessional collaboration; Male; Special education; Speech-Language Pathology; Speech-language pathology; Students, Health Occupations; Surveys and Questionnaires; Transdisciplinary; academic achievement; autism; child; comfort; communication skill; course evaluation; dept.cmd; dept.sed; education; female; graduate student; health student; human; implementation science; interdisciplinary education; interdisciplinary research; interpersonal communication; interview; knowledge; male; peer-reviewed; pretest posttest design; priority journal; procedures; professional development; psychology; quantitative analysis; questionnaire; social competence; special education; speech disorder; teacher; training

Glioma tumors classified using visible resonance raman spectroscopy and machine learning - Wu, Binlin; Zhou, Yan; Zhang, Liang; Zhang, Shengjia; Yu, Xinguang; Wang, Eric; Zhu, Ke; Liu, Cheng-hui; Alfano, Robert R. (The Optical Society, 2020)
Machine learning algorithms were used to classify and analyze spectral data collected by visible resonance Raman spectroscopy to distinguish normal human brain tissue and glioma tumor tissues at different grades and show promising results. © OSA 2020 © 2020 The Author(s)
Keywords: dept.phy; ⛔ No DOI found

Measurement of away-side broadening with self-subtraction of flow in Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV - STAR Collaboration (Chinese Physics C, 2020)
High transverse momentum ( ) particle production is suppressed owing to the parton (jet) energy loss in the hot dense medium created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Redistribution of energy at low-to-modest has been difficult to measure, owing to large anisotropic backgrounds. We report a data-driven method for background evaluation and subtraction, exploiting the away-side pseudorapidity gaps, to measure the jetlike correlation shape in Au+Au collisions at GeV in the STAR experiment. The correlation shapes, for trigger particles and various associated particle ranges within , are consistent with Gaussians, and their widths increase with centrality. The results indicate jet broadening in the medium created in central heavy-ion collisions.
Keywords: dept.phy; di-hadron correlations; heavy-ion; jet; peer-reviewed

The russian holy synod and the greeks: Reconsidering greek-russian relations in the early modern period (16th–18th centuries) - Chrissidis, Nikolaos A. (Canadian-American Slavic Studies, 2020)
The article first surveys Greek interpretations of the creation of the Russian Holy Synod by Peter the Great. It provides a critical assessment of the historiographical paradigm offered by N.F. Kapterev for the analysis of Greek-Russian relations in the early modern period. Finally, it proposes that scholars should focus on a Greek history of Greek-Russian relations as a complement and possibly corrective to the Kapterev paradigm. © verlag ferdinand schöningh, 2020.
Keywords: Aleksander stourdza; Greek-russian relations; Konstantin oinonomos; Nikolai kapterev; Peter the great; Russian holy synod; dept.his; peer-reviewed

Measurement of the central exclusive production of charged particle pairs in proton-proton collisions at √s = 200 GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC - STAR Collaboration (Journal of High Energy Physics, 2020)
We report on the measurement of the Central Exclusive Production of charged particle pairs h+h− (h = π, K, p) with the STAR detector at RHIC in proton-proton collisions at s$$ \sqrt{s} $$= 200 GeV. The charged particle pairs produced in the reaction pp → p′ + h+h− + p′ are reconstructed from the tracks in the central detector and identified using the specific energy loss and the time of flight method, while the forward-scattered protons are measured in the Roman Pot system. Exclusivity of the event is guaranteed by requiring the transverse momentum balance of all four final-state particles. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of observables related to the central hadronic final state and to the forward-scattered protons. They are measured in a fiducial region corresponding to the acceptance of the STAR detector and determined by the central particles’ transverse momenta and pseudorapidities as well as by the forward-scattered protons’ momenta. This fiducial region roughly corresponds to the square of the four-momentum transfers at the proton vertices in the range 0.04 GeV2 < −t1, −t2 < 0.2 GeV2, invariant masses of the charged particle pairs up to a few GeV and pseudorapidities of the centrally-produced hadrons in the range |η| < 0.7. The measured cross sections are compared to phenomenological predictions based on the Double Pomeron Exchange (DPE) model. Structures observed in the mass spectra of π+π− and K+K− pairs are consistent with the DPE model, while angular distributions of pions suggest a dominant spin-0 contribution to π+π− production. For π+π− production, the fiducial cross section is extrapolated to the Lorentz-invariant region, which allows decomposition of the invariant mass spectrum into continuum and resonant contributions. The extrapolated cross section is well described by the continuum production and at least three resonances, the f0(980), f2(1270) and f0(1500), with a possible small contribution from the f0(1370). Fits to the extrapolated differential cross section as a function of t1 and t2 enable extraction of the exponential slope parameters in several bins of the invariant mass of π+π− pairs. These parameters are sensitive to the size of the interaction region.
Keywords: Diffraction; Forward physics; Hadron-Hadron scattering (experiments); dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Measurement of D0 -meson + hadron two-dimensional angular correlations in Au+ Au collisions at sNN =200 GeV - STAR Collaboration (Physical Review C, 2020)
Open heavy-flavor hadrons provide unique probes of the medium produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Due to their increased mass relative to light-flavor hadrons, long lifetime, and early production in hard-scattering interactions, they provide access to the full evolution of the partonic medium formed in heavy-ion collisions. This paper reports two-dimensional (2D) angular correlations between neutral D mesons and unidentified charged particles produced in minimum-bias Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200GeV. D0 and ¯¯¯D0 mesons are reconstructed via their weak decay to K∓π± using the Heavy Flavor Tracker in the Solenoidal Tracker at RHIC experiment. Correlations on relative pseudorapidity and azimuth (Δη,Δϕ) are presented for peripheral, midcentral, and central collisions with D0 transverse momentum from 2–10GeV/c. Attention is focused on the 2D peaked correlation structure near the triggered D0 meson, the near-side (NS) peak, which serves as a proxy for a charm-quark-containing jet. The correlated NS yield of charged particles per D0 meson and the 2D widths of the NS peak increase significantly from peripheral to central collisions. These results are compared with similar correlations using unidentified charged particles, consisting primarily of light-flavor hadrons, at similar trigger particle momenta. Similar per-trigger yields and widths of the NS correlation peak are observed. The present results provide additional evidence that D0 mesons undergo significant interactions with the medium formed in heavy-ion collision and show, for the first time, significant centrality evolution of the NS 2D peak in the correlations of particles associated with a heavy-flavor hadron produced in these collisions.
Keywords: dept.phy; peer-reviewed

The impact of faith-based narratives on climate change adaptation in narikoso, fiji - Bertana, Amanda (Anthropological Forum, 2020)
Most research on climate change in South Pacific island communities has privileged people’s observations of physical environmental change with less attention paid to how people interpret the causes of these changes. Increasingly, more studies are focusing on how communities are receiving messages about environmental degradation, and from whom they are receiving them. This case study draws upon ethnographic research conducted in November 2015 in Narikoso on Ono Island in Fiji’s Kadavu Group. This village was in the process of relocating inland as a response to shoreline erosion and severe coastal flooding. By employing data drawn from interviews with government actors, religious leaders, and residents of Narikoso village along with fieldnotes from participant observation, this paper examines how village residents interpreted coastal flooding and shoreline erosion according to the biblical story of Noah’s Ark alongside a secular narrative of climate change. I conclude by showing the unique challenges these worldviews had on the community’s decision to relocate. © 2020 The University of Western Australia.
Keywords: Fiji; Relocation; climate change adaptation; dept.soc; peer-reviewed; religion; sea level rise

Body mass affects short‐term heterothermy in Neotropical bats - Czenze, Zenon J.; Dunbar, Miranda B. (Biotropica, 2020)
Recent work in Australia and Africa has shown that heterothermy is widespread among phylogenetically diverse tropical and subtropical mammalian taxa. However, data on the use of heterothermy by Neotropical mammals are relatively scant, and those studies that exist focus on insect-eating bats. We investigated the capacity of fruit-eating Neotropical bats to use heterothermy when exposed to acute cold temperatures, and compared this to previous data focused on insect-eating bats sampled from the same region and time of year. We measured rectal temperatures prior to acute cold exposure (1 hr at an air temperature of 6, 7, or 10°C), and again after exposure. Our data show considerable variation in the thermoregulatory patterns of Neotropical bats, and generally, our results show that smaller bats cool quicker and to a greater extent than larger bats. Our results highlight the importance of energy conservation even in environments in which resources are relatively abundant. © 2020 The Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation
Keywords: Africa; Australia; Chiroptera; Hexapoda; Mammalia; Neotropical Region; bat; body mass; dept.bio; diet; heterothermy; insect; neotropics; peer-reviewed; temperature effect; thermoregulation

Hybrid neural network models for forecasting ozone and particulate matter concentrations in the Republic of China - Braik, Malik; Sheta, Alaa; Al-Hiary, Heba (Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2020)
Ozone is a toxic gas with massive distinct chemical components from oxygen. Breathing ozone in the air can cause severe effects on human health, especially people who have asthma. It can cause long-lasting damage to the lungs and heart attacks and might lead to death. Forecasting the ozone concentration levels and related pollutant attribute is critical for developing sophisticated environment safety policies. In this paper, we present three artificial neural network (ANN) models to forecast the daily ozone (O3), coarse particulate matter (PM10), and particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in a highly polluted city in the Republic of China. The proposed models are (1) recurrent multilayer perceptron (RMLP), (2) recurrent fuzzy neural network (RFNN), and (3) hybridization of RFNN and grey wolf optimizer (GWO), which are referred to as RMLP-ANN, RFNN, and RFNN-GWO models, respectively. The performance of the proposed models is compared with other conventional models previously reported in the literature. The comparative results showed that the proposed models presented outstanding performance. The RFNN-GWO model revealed superior results in the modeling of O3, PM10, and PM2.5 compared with the RMLP-ANN and RFNN models. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.
Keywords: China; Forecasting; Grey wolf optimizer; Neural network; Recurrent fuzzy neural networks; Recurrent multilayer perceptron; artificial neural network; cause of death; concentration (composition); dept.csc; ozone; particulate matter; peer-reviewed; urban pollution

The effect of political risk on shareholder value and the mitigating role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) - Chatjuthamard, Pattanaporn; Jiraporn, Pornsit; Sarajoti, Pattarake; Singh, Manohar (Managerial Finance, 2020)
Purpose: The study investigates the effect of political risk on shareholder value, using an event study and a novel measure of firm-level political risk recently developed by Hassan et al. (2017). In addition, the authors explore how corporate social responsibility (CSR) influences the effect of political risk on shareholder wealth. Design/methodology/approach: The authors exploit the guilty plea of Jack Abramoff, a well-known lobbyist, on January 3, 2006, as an exogenous shock that made lobbying less effective and less useful in the future, depriving firms of an important tool to reduce political exposure. Findings: The results show that the market reactions are significantly more negative for firms with more political exposure. Additional analysis corroborates the results, including propensity score matching, instrumental-variable analysis and Oster's (2019) method for testing coefficient stability. Finally, the authors note that the adverse effect of political risk on shareholder value is substantially mitigated for firms with strong social responsibility, consistent with the risk mitigation hypothesis. Originality/value: This study is the first to explore the effect of political risk on shareholder value using a novel measure. Furthermore, it is also the first to show that CSR alleviates the cost of political risk to shareholders. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Keywords: CSR; Corporate social responsibility; Event study; Firm risk; G34; M14; Political risk; Shareholder wealth; dept.fin; dept.grad; peer-reviewed

Becoming allies accomplices: Problematizing the intersection of reflection and action through pre-service teachers’ autoethnographies as praxis - Sinclair, Meredith N; Powell, Jessica S (International Journal of Critical Pedagogy, 2020)
This paper explores the phenomenon of pre-service teachers becoming accomplices for racial justice. Using hermeneutic phenomenology, we examine the experiences of three white, female pre-service teachers navigating this terrain. A framework we are naming autoethnography as praxis emerged from this inquiry. Our research interrogates the notion of white allies and the intersection of critical dialogue and action in pre-service teacher education. Building off of perspectives in critical race and critical whiteness studies, this work is grounded in the reality of the material permanence of white supremacy that white teachers must acknowledge and develop tools to dismantle. Autoethnography as praxis moves students from simply analyzing and reporting their experiences (including their emerging understanding of white privilege) through autoethnography to examining how their experiences have shaped and will continue to shape their identities and practices as teachers. By reframing autoethnography as a dialogue between researcher and her texts, we hope to push beyond reflection to action. By engaging participants in reflection on their actions, autoethnography as praxis also addresses the flaw of white teachers acting as benevolent allies who set their own agenda and position people of color as “needing their assistance.” © 2020, University of North Carolina at Greensboro. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Anti-racist pedagogy; Praxis; Social justice; Teacher education; Whiteness; dept.cur; dept.eng; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

First measurement of λc baryon production in au+au collisions at sNN=200 GeV - STAR Collaboration (Physical Review Letters, 2020)
We report on the first measurement of the charmed baryon Λ±c production at midrapidity (|y|<1) in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The Λc/D0 [denoting (Λ+c+Λ−c)/(D0+¯D0)] yield ratio is measured to be 1.08±0.16 (stat)±0.26 (sys) in the 0%–20% most central Au+Au collisions for the transverse momentum (pT) range 3<pT<6 GeV/c. This is significantly larger than the pythia model calculations for p+p collisions. The measured Λc/D0 ratio, as a function of pT and collision centrality, is comparable to the baryon-to-meson ratios for light and strange hadrons in Au+Au collisions. Model calculations including coalescence hadronization for charmed baryon and meson formation reproduce the features of our measured Λc/D0 ratio.
Keywords: Au+Au collisions; Bosons; Colliding beam accelerators; Germanium compounds; Gold compounds; Hadronization; Hadrons; Heavy ions; Mid-rapidity; Model calculations; Particle detectors; Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider; STAR experiment; Transverse momenta; Yield ratios; dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Functional morphology of the taste buds of Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris - Barboza, Meghan L. B.; Larkin, Iskande L.V. (Marine Mammal Science, 2020)
The Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris, is a fully aquatic, threatened marine mammal for which increased understanding of their physiology, reproduction, and nutrition supports management decisions. Manatees may use taste to distinguish saltwater gradients, toxin detection, food assessment, and social interactions. This study sought to locate and characterize manatee taste buds comparing location, structure, number, and size to other species. Entire heads from manatees (6 males, 4 females) of various ages were obtained. The muzzle, tissue surrounding the nares, oral cavity, and epiglottis were examined grossly for pits and papillae. Tissues were examined using light and transmission electron microscopy. Within the predominant taste bud location, the tongue root, taste bud number was estimated using samples from four animals. The average number of taste buds within the tongue root was 11,534 (range 2,711–23,237) with sparse taste buds located on the soft palate and epiglottis. The location along the lateral surface of the tongue root and bordered by grooves, through which tastants could be easily transported, has functional significance. Large numbers of taste buds within the tongue root suggest that taste is an important component of manatee sensory systems and behavioral research would clarify this. © 2020 Society for Marine Mammalogy
Keywords: Animalia; Florida [United States]; Mammalia; Trichechidae; Trichechus manatus; Trichechus manatus latirostris; chemoreception; dept.bio; detection method; functional morphology; histology; manatee; marine mammal; peer-reviewed; sensory system; taste; taste bud; tongue

Naloxone perspectives from people who use opioids: Findings from an ethnographic study in three states. - Boeri, Miriam W.; Lamonica, Aukje K. (Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2020)
BACKGROUND: Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that can reverse an opioid overdose. Increased opioid-related mortality rates led to greater distribution of naloxone without a prescription and administration of naloxone by laypersons. This study fills a gap in knowledge of naloxone experiences among active users of opioids living in suburban communities. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to provide nurse practitioners with an in-depth understanding of current naloxone use practices among people who experience overdose events. The specific aims are to compare access to naloxone in diverse suburban towns, to examine administration differences across settings, and to understand perspectives on naloxone experiences from people who are actively using opioids. METHODOLOGICAL ORIENTATION: The data for this analysis were drawn from an ethnographic study in the suburban towns around Atlanta, Georgia; Boston, Massachusetts; and New Haven, Connecticut. Short surveys and in-depth interviews were collected. Inductive methods were used to compare data across settings. SAMPLE: The sample of 106 included 48% female, 62% White, 24% African American/Black, 13% more than one race, and 21% Hispanic/Latinx. The mean age was 41.35 years. CONCLUSIONS: Differences between study settings in access to naloxone, administration frequency, and delivery systems were found. Findings suggest more education and training is needed in overdose prevention and harm reduction intervention. Studies on delivery systems need to address the increase in fentanyl-related overdoses. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurse practitioners can help to target distribution of naloxone in local communities, facilitate collaboration with harm reduction services, and provide evidence-based education and training to laypersons. Copyright © 2020 American Association of Nurse Practitioners.
Keywords: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Drug Overdose; Female; Harm Reduction; Humans; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; adult; dept.pch; drug overdose; female; harm reduction; human; male; naloxone; narcotic analgesic agent; narcotic antagonist; peer-reviewed

Editorial for special collection: Current issues and practices in school nursing - Resha, Cheryl (SAGE Open Nursing, 2020)
Keywords: dept.nur; peer-reviewed

Enough Is Enough: Confronting Workplace Bullying and Incivility - Green, Cheryl Ann (Nursing Education Research Conference 2020, 2020)
Keywords: dept.nur; ⛔ No DOI found

Non-motor symptoms and striatal dopamine transporter binding in early Parkinson's disease - Liu, Rui; Umbach, David M.; Troster, Alexander; Huang, Xuemei; Chen, Honglei (Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 2020)
Background: Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), but their relationships to nigrostriatal degeneration remain largely unexplored. Methods: We evaluated 18 NMS scores covering 5 major domains in relation to concurrent and future dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging in 344 PD patients from the Parkinson's Progression and Markers Initiative (PPMI). We standardized NMS assessments into z-scores for side-by-side comparisons. Patients underwent sequential DaTSCAN imaging at enrollment and at months 12, 24, and 48. Specific binding ratios (SBR) were calculated using the occipital lobe reference region. We evaluated the association of striatal DAT binding at the four time points with each baseline NMS using mixed-effects regression models. Results: Multiple baseline NMS were significantly associated with DAT binding at baseline and at follow-up scans. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) symptoms showed the strongest association – mean striatal SBR declined with increasing RBD symptom z-score (average of time-point-specific slopes per unit change in z-score: βAVG = −0.083, SE = 0.017; p < 0.0001). In addition, striatal DAT binding was linearly associated with increasing baseline z-scores: positively for the memory (βAVG=0.055, SE = 0.022; p = 0.01) and visuospatial (βAVG=0.044, SE = 0.020; p = 0.03) cognitive domains, and negatively for total anxiety (βAVG= −0.059, SE = 0.018; p = 0.001). Striatal DAT binding showed curvilinear associations with odor identification, verbal discrimination recognition, and autonomic dysfunction z-scores (p = 0.001, p = 0.0009, and p = 0.0002, respectively). Other NMS were not associated with DAT binding. Conclusions: Multiple NMS, RBD symptoms in particular, are associated with nigrostriatal dopaminergic changes in early PD. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Aged; Anxiety; Article; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Cognitive Dysfunction; Depression; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dopamine transporter binding; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Neostriatum; Non-motor symptoms; Olfaction Disorders; Parkinson Disease; Parkinson disease; Parkinson's disease; REM Sleep Behavior Disorder; Substantia Nigra; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; adult; aged; anxiety; autonomic dysfunction; autonomic neuropathy; clinical assessment; clinical evaluation; clinical feature; clinical trial; cognitive defect; cohort analysis; complication; controlled study; depression; dept.pch; depth perception; diagnostic imaging; disease association; dopamine transporter; evidence based practice; female; follow up; human; impulse control disorder; longitudinal study; major clinical study; male; metabolism; middle aged; motor performance; multicenter study; neostriatum; neuroimaging; occipital lobe; parasomnia; pathophysiology; peer-reviewed; priority journal; protein binding; scoring system; single photon emission computed tomography; smelling disorder; striate cortex; substantia nigra; verbal memory

Analyzing the sentiment correlation between regular tweets and retweets - Chen, Jundong; Hossain, Shafaeat; Zhang, Huan (Social Network Analysis and Mining, 2020)
Retweeting is an important way of information propagation on Twitter. In this paper, we investigate the sentiment correlation between regular tweets and retweets. We anticipate our investigation sheds a light on how the sentiment of regular tweets impacts the retweets of different sentiments. We propose a method for measuring the sentiment of tweets. We categorize the Twitter users into different groups by different norms, which are the follower count, the betweenness connectivity, a combination of follower count and betweenness centrality,and the amount of tweets. Then, we calculate the sentiment correlation for different groups to examine the influential factors for retweeting a message with a certain sentiment.We find that the users with higher betweenness centrality and higher tweets amount tend to exhibit a higher sentiment correlation. The users with medium-level followers_count show the highest sentiment correlation compared to the low-level and high-level followers_count. After combining the two factors of followers_count and betweenness centrality, we discover that specifically at low-level betweenness centrality the users with medium-level followers_count have the highest sentiment correlation. Our last observation is that the difference for correlation coefficients exists between different types of users. Our study on the sentiment correlation provides instructional information for modeling information propagation in human society. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
Keywords: Betweenness; Betweenness centrality; Correlation coefficient; Human society; Influential factors; Information dissemination; Information propagation; Instructional information; Learning systems; Machine learning; Model informations; Sentiment analysis; Social network; Social networking (online); Twitter classification; dept.csc; peer-reviewed

Promoting healthy ageing through light volleyball intervention in Hong Kong: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial - Leung, Ka Man; Chung, Pak-Kwong; Chan, Aileen W. K.; Ransdell, Lynda; Siu, Parco Ming Fai; Sun, Ping; Yang, Jinjin; Chen, Tie Cheng (Bmc Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2020)
Background: Our pilot study has demonstrated improvements in health outcomes through participation in a new sport, light volleyball (LVB), among older adults. In response to the promising results of the LVB pilot study and the priority of allocating resources to the prevention of age-related fitness degradation by the Hong Kong (HKG) government, the present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a LVB intervention on physical and psychological health attributes among older adults at a larger scale in HKG. Methods/design: This study will apply both quantitative and qualitative methods with a large sample (approximately 315 participants). We will adopt a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design to further evaluate the effectiveness of a LVB intervention on health outcomes against a comparison group, Tai Chi (TC), and a control group (C). Older adults will be eligible to join the intervention if they are (a) aged 65 years and above; (b) living in the community independently; (c) absent of diagnosed cognitive impairment; (d) not regular participants in a structured PA program for two years preceding the study; and (e) able to achieve a passing score on the Timed-up-and-go test (TUG) and Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT). About 315 participants will be randomly assigned into 3 groups in 1:1:1 ratio. LVB group participants will receive 16-week LVB program; TC group will utilize a simplified 24-form Yang Style TC, and C group participants will be instructed to maintain their normal daily activity and join regular non-exercise social gatherings. Measurements will be collected before and after the intervention, and 6 months and 12 months after completion of the intervention. Discussion: This intervention, if effective, will enhance older adult's physical and psychological health, and provide the data and evidence to support policymaking in relation to future PA promotion for older adults. Trial registration number: ChiCTR1900026657. © 2020 The Author(s).
Keywords: Adapted sport; Age-related fitness degradation; Ageing; Article; Hong Kong; Physical activity; Tai Chi; aged; clinical effectiveness; clinical trial protocol; cognitive defect; controlled study; dept.hms; healthy aging; human; major clinical study; mental health; mental test; peer-reviewed; physical activity; qualitative research; quantitative study; randomized controlled trial; timed up and go test; volleyball

Continuing the Journey Toward Health Equity: Becoming Antiracist in Health Promotion Research and Practice. - Breny, Jean (Health Education and Behavior, 2020)
Health education and promotion researchers and practitioners are committed to eliminating health disparities, and the Society for Public Health Education (SOPHE) has continuously supported this effort through its journals, professional development, annual conferences, and advocacy. The COVID-19 pandemic elucidated inequities directly caused by racism and other social determinants of health. In order to achieve health equity, we need to become antiracist in our research, practice, and advocacy work by standing united against racist policies and practices. I invite us all to heed the call to action on these five points: place racism on the agenda, practice cultural humility, claim your privilege and eliminate microaggressions, utilize strategies that promote inclusion and equity, and embrace your inner leader and activist. Just as SOPHE as an organization pivoted its annual conference from on ground to virtual in March 2020, so can we be innovative and brave as professionals to face the hard work and dedication needed to become antiracist., (C)2020Sage Publications
Keywords: Betacoronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus infection; Health Equity; Health Promotion; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Racism; Social Determinants of Health; antiracism; article; dept.pch; ethnology; health education; health equity; health promotion; human; human experiment; leadership; organization and management; pandemic; peer-reviewed; public health; racism; social determinants of health; virus pneumonia

Abnormalities of Aspiration and Swallowing Function in Survivors of Acute Respiratory Failure - Langmore, Susan E.; Krisciunas, Gintas P.; Warner, Heather; White, S. David; Dvorkin, Daniel; Fink, Daniel; McNally, Edel; Scheel, Rebecca; Higgins, Carrie; Levitt, Joseph E.; McKeehan, Jeffrey; Deane, Sandra; et al. (Dysphagia, 2020)
The mechanisms responsible for aspiration are relatively unknown in patients recovering from acute respiratory failure (ARF) who required mechanical ventilation. Though many conditions may contribute to swallowing dysfunction, alterations in laryngeal structure and swallowing function likely play a role in the development of aspiration. At four university-based tertiary medical centers, we conducted a prospective cohort study of ARF patients who required intensive care and mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h. Within 72 h after extubation, a Fiberoptic Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) examination was performed. Univariate and multivariable analyses examined the relationship between laryngeal structure and swallowing function abnormalities. Aspiration was the primary outcome, defined as a Penetration- Aspiration Scale (PAS) score of 6 or greater. Two other salient signs of dysphagia—spillage and residue—were secondary outcomes. A total of 213 patients were included in the final analysis. Aspiration was detected in 70 patients (33%) on at least one bolus. The most commonly aspirated consistency was thin liquids (27%). In univariate analyses, several abnormalities in laryngeal anatomy and structural movement were significantly associated with aspiration, spillage, and residue. In a multivariable analysis, the only variables that remained significant with aspiration were pharyngeal weakness (Odds ratio = 2.57, 95%CI = 1.16–5.84, p = 0.019) and upper airway edema (Odds ratio = 3.24, 95%CI = 1.44–7.66, p = 0.004). These results demonstrated that dysphagia in ARF survivors is multifactorial and characterized by both anatomic and physiologic abnormalities. These findings may have important implications for the development of novel interventions to treat dysphagia in ARF survivors. Clinical Trials Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02363686, Aspiration in Acute Respiratory FailureSurvivors. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Keywords: Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Humans; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Aspiration; Respiratory Insufficiency; Survivors; acid aspiration; dept.cmd; dysphagia; human; peer-reviewed; prospective study; respiratory failure; survivor; swallowing

Machine Learning Models Reveal the Importance of Clinical Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease - Refaee, Mahmoud Ahmed; Ali, Amal Awadalla Mohamed; Elfadl, Asma Hamid; Abujazar, Maha F. A.; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul; Kawsar, Ferdaus Ahmed; Househ, Mowafa; Shah, Zubair; Alam, Tanvir (Importance of Health Informatics in Public Health During a Pandemic, 2020)
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes complications with thinking capability, memory and behavior. AD is a major public health problem among the elderly in developed and developing countries. With the growth of AD around the world, there is a need to further expand our understanding of the roles different clinical measurements can have in the diagnosis of AD. In this work, we propose a machine learning-based technique to distinguish control subjects with no cognitive impairments, AD subjects, and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), often seen as precursors of AD. We utilized several machine learning (ML) techniques and found that Gradient Boosting Decision Trees achieved the highest performance above 84% classification accuracy. Also, we determined the importance of the features (clinical biomarkers) contributing to the proposed multi-class classification system. Further investigation on the biomarkers will pave the way to introduce better treatment plan for AD patients. © 2020 The authors and IOS Press.
Keywords: ADNI; Adaptive boosting; Alzheimer Disease; Alzheimer disease; Alzheimer's Disease; Alzheimer's disease; Biomarkers; Brain; Classification accuracy; Clinical biomarkers; Clinical measurements; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognitive impairment; Decision trees; Dementia; Developing countries; Diagnosis; Humans; Machine Learning; Machine learning; Machine learning models; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Medical informatics; Mild Cognitive Impairment; Mild cognitive impairments (MCI); Multi-class classification; Neurodegenerative diseases; Patient treatment; Public health; biological marker; brain; cognitive defect; dept.csc; human; machine learning; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

Differences in health behaviors related to overweight/obesity by race/ethnicity in a diverse urban commuter college - Rupp, Kristie; Schnoll, Roseanne; Zigmont, Victoria A. (Journal of American College Health, 2020)
Objective: To examine health behaviors associated with overweight/obesity by race/ethnicity at a diverse urban college. Participants: 270 undergraduates (77.0% female; 26.7% non-Hispanic white) and median body mass index (BMI) of 23.1 kg/m2. Methods: A questionnaire about health-related behaviors as part of the “Get Fruved” project was used to measure health behaviors (sugar sweetened beverage (SSB), fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, stress, and sleep) by race/ethnicity. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the adjusted odds of engaging in positive health-related behaviors. Results: Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic students were 64% and 59% less likely to consume lower amounts of SSB. Hispanic students were 83% and 81% less likely to meet vegetable and fruit recommendations. Non-Hispanic black and other (including biracial) had reduced odds of meeting vegetable recommendations (AOR = 0.18 and 0.28). Conclusions: Disparities in SSB, fruit, and vegetable consumption represent potential intervention targets to improve health behaviors among racial/ethnic minorities. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: College; dept.hms; dept.pch; health behavior; peer-reviewed; race/ethnicity

Motivation States for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Desire, Urge, Wanting, and Craving. - Stults-Kolehmainen, Matthew A; Blacutt, Miguel; Bartholomew, John B; Gilson, Todd A; Ash, Garrett I; McKee, Paul C; Sinha, Rajita (Frontiers in psychology, 2020)
To better explain daily fluctuations in physical activity and sedentary behavior, investigations of motivation are turning from social cognitive frameworks to those centered on affect, emotion and automaticity, such as the Affect and Health Behavior Framework (AHBF), Integrated Framework and Affective-Reflective Theory (ART). This shift has necessitated: (a) re-examination of older theories and their constructs, such as drives, needs and tensions and (b) an inspection of competing theories from other fields that also attempt to explain dynamic changes in health behaviors. The Dynamical Model of Desire, Elaborated Intrusion Theory and others commonly share with AHBF the idea that human behavior is driven strongly by desires and/or the similar concepts of wants, urges, and cravings. These affectively-charged motivation states (ACMS) change quickly and may better explain physical activity behavior from one moment to the next. Desires for movement predominantly derive from negative but also positive reinforcement. Data from clinical populations with movement dysfunction or psychiatric disorders provides further evidence of these drivers of movement. Those with Restless Legs Syndrome, akathisia, tic disorders and exercise dependence all report strong urges to move and relief when it is accomplished. Motor control research has identified centers of the brain responsible for wants and urges for muscular movement. Models elaborated herein differentiate between wants, desires, urges and cravings. The WANT model (Wants and Aversions for Neuromuscular Tasks) conceptualizes desires for movement and rest as varying by magnitude, approach or avoidance-orientation (wants versus aversions) and as occupying independent dimensions instead of opposite ends of the same axis. For instance, one hypothetically might be in a state of both high desire for movement and rest simultaneously. Variations in motivation states to move and rest may also be associated with various stress states, like freezing or fight and flight. The first validated instrument to measure feelings of desire/want for movement and rest, the CRAVE Scale (Cravings for Rest and Volitional Energy Expenditure) is already shedding light on the nature of these states. With these advances in theory, conceptual modeling and instrumentation, future investigations may explore the effects of desires and urges for movement and sedentary behavior in earnest. Copyright © 2020 Stults-Kolehmainen, Blacutt, Bartholomew, Gilson, Ash, McKee and Sinha.
Keywords: conceptual analysis; dept.psy; desire; exercise; motivation; motivation states; peer-reviewed; physical activity; sedentary activity; urge for movement

“I’m a bit of a waster”: Identifying the enablers of, and barriers to, sustainable food waste practices - Wakefield, Alysia; Axon, Stephen (Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020)
Food waste has become an area of increasing concern in recent years, since unsustainable food waste practices have been associated with a range of adverse environmental, economic and societal impacts. Food waste is a multi-sectoral issue and must be addressed as such, by ensuring policymakers, practitioners, and consumers are equipped with the relevant knowledge and understanding of the importance of sustainable food waste practices. By exploring current attitudes and understanding of this topic amongst consumers, a lack of education about the importance of this issue has been identified as a barrier to carrying out sustainable practices at the household level, along with excess packaging, cultural norms of overconsumption and inappropriate social marketing. In contrast, a number of enablers, including social pressures, access to appropriate facilities and encouragement from media advertisements appear to have been highly influential in infringing on the consciousness of consumers. Investigating these enablers and barriers has allowed a number of potential interventions to be identified, with the intention of addressing this issue using a multifaceted approach and encouraging society to carry out sustainable food waste practices in the future. © 2020
Keywords: Contrast media; Cultural norms; Economic and social effects; Food waste; Food waste management; Household level; Marketing; Multi-faceted approach; Policy makers; Social marketings; Social pressures; Societal impacts; Sustainable consumption; Sustainable development; Sustainable lifestyles; Sustainable practices; dept.egm; peer-reviewed

Computational study in a PUI using XSEDE resources and ECSS support - Wang, Emily Z; Wang, Yigui (Association for Computing Machinery, 2020)
In the past 5 years, we have been using XSEDE resources and ECSS support to conduct research at Southern Connecticut State University (SCSU), a primary undergraduate institution (PUI). First, the regioselectivity was successfully investigated in the synthesis of 5-FU derivatives with phase transition method and silver salt method; then the Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) principle and the Marcus theory were unified in the study of ambident reactivity; at last our research was expanded from reactions of molecules to reactions on the solid surface. We would like to share our results and emphasize the importance of XSEDE resources and ECSS support for the research in PUIs. © 2020 ACM.
Keywords: Computation theory; Computational research; Computational studies; ECSS; Marcus theory; Regioselectivity; Silver halides; Silver salts; Solid surface; Surface reactions; Synthesis (chemical); Undergraduate institutions; XSEDE; dept.che; primary undergraduate institution (PUI)

Mary Johnson of Wethersfield, Connecticut, hanged for witchcraft, 1648 (poem) - Shipley, Vivian (Connecticut Literary Anthology: Celebrating Nutmeg Authors, 2020, 2020)
Connecticut Literary Anthology features thirty-six Connecticut poets and prose writers from across the Nutmeg State. The 2020 Anthology is published by the Central Connecticut State University English Department. The writers in the inaugural anthology share themes amplified by current events, but not the context. Stories of family, economic in- equality, sexual violence, social justice, culture wars, lost love, aging, and gender—they’re all in here. And mangoes. Everyone loves mangoes. Featured writers: Janet L. Bannister, Charles V. Belson, Susan Cinoman, Ginny Lowe Connors, Jason Courtmanche, Catherine DeNunzio, Joanie DiMartino, Catherine DeNunzio, Meghan Evans, Maura Faulise, Kathryn Fitzpatrick, Beth Gibbs, Cecilia Gigliotti, Nichole Gleisner, Sitara Gnanaguru, Emi Gonzalez, José B. González, Benjamin S. Grossberg, Avery Jenkins, B. Fulton Jennes, Sarah Darer Littman, Kiran Masroor, Melissa McEwen, Claudia McGhee, Nancy McMillan, Jean P. Moore, Steven Ostrowski, Makenzie Ozycz, Aimee Pozorski, Kara Molway Russell, Vivian Shipley, Amy Sisson, Katherine A. Szpekman, Wendy Terry, Mika Taylor, Marina Tinone, Jason Wilkins. Praise for Anthology: "It feels like we have become unglued from one another since March of 2020; masked strangers passing each other in anonymity. But this anthology glues us back together and helps us find ways to heal and talk with one another. Important stories are told, and we should heed them." —Lisa Comstock, Director for Connecticut Center for the Book
Keywords: dept.eng

Collecting Citations from Text - Hedreen, Rebecca (2020)
Basic steps and scripts used for translating text citations to bibtex files suitable for loading into citation management software or citation analysis scripts. 3 publically available...
Keywords: dept.lib

Maps for Jackie - Labbe, Jason (BlazeVOX Books, 2020)
"Poetry's natural habitat is one of detail, radiant or tarnished, an intimate geography that draws us close to where presence is an act of perception: world into word. In Maps for Jackie, Jason Labbe navigates a terrain of singular encounters and incidents, tactile, luminous and animated by the sensuous abrasions and comforts of the heartmind as they touch down on his, and our, present: white leaf is like a moth / wing I'd fix to her shoulder.--Ann Lauterbach"--The back cover
Keywords: 21st century; American poetry; dept.eng; faculty_collection

Speckle interferometry at SOAR in 2019 - Tokovinin, Andrei; Mason, Brian D.; Mendez, Rene A.; Costa, Edgardo; Horch, Elliott P. (The Astronomical Journal, 2020)
The results of speckle-interferometric observations at the 4.1 m Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope in 2019 are given, totaling 2555 measurements of 1972 resolved pairs with separations from 15 mas (median 0.″21) and magnitude difference up to 6 mag, and non-resolutions of 684 targets. We resolved for the first time 90 new pairs or subsystems in known binaries. This work continues our long-term speckle program. Its main goal is to monitor orbital motion of close binaries, including members of high-order hierarchies and Hipparcos pairs in the solar neighborhood. We give a list of 127 orbits computed using our latest measurements. Their quality varies from excellent (25 orbits of grades 1 and 2) to provisional (47 orbits of grades 4 and 5). © 2020 The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Keywords: 1081; 154; 1777; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Binary stars; Multiple stars; Visual binary stars; dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Observations of binary stars with the differential speckle survey instrument. IX. Observations of known and suspected binaries, and a partial survey of be stars - Horch, Elliott P.; van Belle, Gerard T.; Davidson, James W., Jr.; Willmarth, Daryl; Fekel, Francis C.; Muterspaugh, Matthew; Casetti-Dinescu, Dana I.; Hahne, Frederick W.; Granucci, Nicole M.; Clark, Catherine; Winters, Jennifer G.; Rupert, Justin D.; et al. (The Astronomical Journal, 2020)
We report 370 measures of 170 components of binary and multiple-star systems, obtained from speckle imaging observations made with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument at Lowell Observatory's Discovery Channel Telescope in 2015 through 2017. Of the systems studied, 147 are binary stars, 10 are seen as triple systems, and 1 quadruple system is measured. Seventy-six high-quality nondetections and 15 newly resolved components are presented in our observations. The uncertainty in relative astrometry appears to be similar to our previous work at Lowell, namely, linear measurement uncertainties of approximately 2 mas, and the relative photometry appears to be uncertain at the 0.1-0.15 mag level. Using these measures and those in the literature, we calculate six new visual orbits, including one for the Be star 66 Oph and two combined spectroscopic-visual orbits. The latter two orbits, which are for HD 22451 (YSC 127) and HD 185501 (YSC 135), yield individual masses of the components at the level of 2% or better, and independent distance measures that in one case agrees with the value found in the Gaia DR2 and in the other disagrees at the 2σ level. We find that HD 22451 consists of an F6V+F7V pair with orbital period of 2401.1 ± 3.2 days and masses of 1.342 ± 0.029 and 1.236 ± 0.026M⊙. For HD 185501, both stars are G5 dwarfs that orbit one another with a period of 433.94 ± 0.15 days, and the masses are 0.898 ± 0.012 and 0.876 ± 0.012M⊙ . We discuss the details of both the new discoveries and the orbit objects. © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..
Keywords: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; dept.phy; peer-reviewed

A hot terrestrial planet orbiting the bright M dwarf L 168-9 unveiled by TESS - Astudillo-Defru, N.; Cloutier, R.; Wang, S. X.; Teske, J.; Brahm, R.; Hellier, C.; Ricker, G.; Vand erspek, R.; Latham, D.; Seager, S.; Winn, J. N.; Jenkins, J. M.; et al. (Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2020)
We report the detection of a transiting super-Earth-sized planet (R = 1.39 ± 0.09 R⊕ ) in a 1.4-day orbit around L 168-9 (TOI-134), a bright M1V dwarf (V = 11, K = 7.1) located at 25.15 ± 0.02 pc. The host star was observed in the first sector of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. For confirmation and planet mass measurement purposes, this was followed up with ground-based photometry, seeing-limited and high-resolution imaging, and precise radial velocity (PRV) observations using the HARPS and Magellan/PFS spectrographs. By combining the TESS data and PRV observations, we find the mass of L 168-9 b to be 4.60 ± 0.56 M⊕ and thus the bulk density to be 1.74-0.33+0.44 times higher than that of the Earth. The orbital eccentricity is smaller than 0.21 (95% confidence). This planet is a level one candidate for the TESS mission's scientific objective of measuring the masses of 50 small planets, and it is one of the most observationally accessible terrestrial planets for future atmospheric characterization. © ESO 2020.
Keywords: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics; Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics; Atmospheric characterization; Earth (planet); High-resolution imaging; Mass measurements; Orbital eccentricity; Orbits; Planetary systems; Planets; Radial velocity; Scientific objectives; Seeing limited; Stars: individual: L 168-9; Stars: late-type; Techniques: photometric; Techniques: radial velocities; Terrestrial planets; dept.phy; peer-reviewed; planetary systems; stars: individual: L 168-9; stars: late-type; techniques: photometric; techniques: radial velocities

Michelangelo's Captive - Sonnenschein, Dana (The Ekphrastic Review, 2020)
Michangelo’s Captive  ​ I wished to photograph a beautiful man sculpted by Michelangelo, afraid I would forget him if I did not, for he had no story, no name.  But I turned away.  I had the...
Keywords: dept.eng; ⛔ No DOI found

Challenging case in clinical practice: S-adenosyl methionine for mood support during corticosteroid therapy - Adimando, Andrea (Alternative and Complementary Therapies, 2020)
Keywords: dept.nur

Distinguishing metastatic triple-negative breast cancer from nonmetastatic breast cancer using second harmonic generation imaging and resonance Raman spectroscopy - Bendau, Ethan; Smith, Jason; Zhang, Lin; Ackerstaff, Ellen; Kruchevsky, Natalia; Wu, Binlin; Koutcher, Jason A.; Alfano, Robert; Shi, Lingyan (Journal of Biophotonics, 2020)
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subset of breast cancer that is more common in African-American and Hispanic women. Early detection followed by intensive treatment is critical to improving poor survival rates. The current standard to diagnose TNBC from histopathology of biopsy samples is invasive and time-consuming. Imaging methods such as mammography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, while covering the entire breast, lack the spatial resolution and specificity to capture the molecular features that identify TNBC. Two nonlinear optical modalities of second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of collagen, and resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) potentially offer novel rapid, label-free detection of molecular and morphological features that characterize cancerous breast tissue at subcellular resolution. In this study, we first applied MR methods to measure the whole-tumor characteristics of metastatic TNBC (4T1) and nonmetastatic estrogen receptor positive breast cancer (67NR) models, including tumor lactate concentration and vascularity. Subsequently, we employed for the first time in vivo SHG imaging of collagen and ex vivo RRS of biomolecules to detect different microenvironmental features of these two tumor models. We achieved high sensitivity and accuracy for discrimination between these two cancer types by quantitative morphometric analysis and nonnegative matrix factorization along with support vector machine. Our study proposes a new method to combine SHG and RRS together as a promising novel photonic and optical method for early detection of TNBC.
Keywords: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Collagen; Diseases; Factorization; Feature extraction; Female; Harmonic generation; Humans; Label-free detection; Lactate concentration; Magnetic resonance; Mammography; Matrix algebra; Molecular imaging; Morphological features; Morphometric analysis; Nonlinear optics; Nonnegative matrix factorization; Raman spectrometry; Raman spectroscopy; Resonance Raman spectroscopy; Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Subcellular resolution; Support vector machines; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Triple-negative breast cancers; Tumors; breast; breast tumor; dept.phy; diagnostic imaging; female; human; mammography; peer-reviewed; second harmonic generation microscopy; triple negative breast cancer

Responding to Heteronormativity: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Asexual Preservice Teachers’ Dreams and Fears - Bower-Phipps, Laura (Current Issues in Education, 2020)
Heteronormativity, the “privileging of heterosexuality through its normalization” (Jackson, 2006, p. 109), causes confusion and anxiety for many lesbian, gay, bisexual, and asexual preservice teachers as they consider how they will talk about their lives with students. This article explores how preservice teachers have experienced the normalization of heterosexuality and the ways in which these experiences will shape their professional practices. Focus group and follow up interviews with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and asexual preservice teachers were analyzed using a constant comparison method. Findings suggest that participants’ professional vision was largely a response to heteronormativity. They wanted to be out, be role models, and create safe spaces; yet they felt unable to achieve this vision in what they perceived as heteronormative school climates. Implications for teacher preparation programs and policies include the importance of equipping all preservice teachers to identify and disrupt heteronormativity in schools.
Keywords: dept.cur; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Utility, artistry, and narrative control in Herman Melville's "The Bell-Tower" - Ellis, Scott (College Literature, 2020)
Keywords: dept.eng; peer-reviewed

Behind the transmitter: differences in archival practices between nonprofit and commercial radio stations - Falcone, Michael; Real, B.; Liu, Y. Q. (Journal of Archival Organization, 2020)
Many radio collections within the United States are maintained in more informal program libraries and archives in hundreds of geographically dispersed broadcasting stations throughout the country. To assess the full extent of this problem and real risk posed to station-owned radio collections, this article assesses the results of a survey administered across twenty-seven nonprofit and commercial stations or corporate parent companies. Nonprofit stations, its findings suggest, are more likely to actively maintain their archives and do so in a manner that shows awareness of current archival standards, whereas commercial stations are less likely to exert active stewardship over their collections. © 2020 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: Radio; audio preservation; college radio; dept.ils; peer-reviewed; radio archives; radio preservation

Marine heatwaves and the collapse of marginal North Atlantic kelp forests - Filbee-Dexter, K.; Wernberg, T.; Grace, S. P.; Thormar, J.; Fredriksen, S.; Narvaez, C. N.; Feehan, C. J.; Norderhaug, K. M. (Scientific Reports, 2020)
Extreme climatic events including marine heatwaves (MHWs) are becoming more frequent and severe in the Anthropocene. However, our understanding of how these events affect population dynamics of ecologically important species is limited, in part because extreme events are rare and difficult to predict. Here, we quantified the occurrence and severity of MHWs over 60 years in warm range edge kelp forests on both sides of the North Atlantic. The cumulative annual intensity of MHWs increased two- to four-fold during this period, coinciding with the disappearance of kelps. We experimentally demonstrated a relationship between strong and severe 2018 heatwaves and high kelp mortality in both regions. Patterns of kelp mortality were strongly linked to maximum temperature anomalies, which crossed lethal thresholds in both regions. Translocation and tagging experiments revealed similar kelp mortality rates on reefs dominated by healthy kelp forests and degraded sediment-laden algal ‘turfs’, indicating equal vulnerability to extreme events. These results suggest a mechanistic link between MHWs and broad-scale kelp loss, and highlight how warming can make ecosystem boundaries unstable, forcing shifts to undesirable ecosystem states under episodically extreme climatic conditions. © 2020, The Author(s).
Keywords: dept.bio

Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Early Pliocene Sagantole Formation at Gona, Ethiopia - Frost, Stephen R.; Simpson, Scott W.; Levin, Naomi E.; Quade, Jay; Rogers, Michael J.; Semaw, Sileshi (Journal of Human Evolution, 2020)
The Early Pliocene Sagantole Fm. in the Gona Project area, Afar State, Ethiopia, is noted for discoveries of the early hominin Ardipithecus ramidus. A large series of fossil cercopithecid primates dated to between 4.8 and 4.3 Ma has also been collected from these sediments. In this paper, we use qualitative analysis and standard dental and postcranial measures to systematically describe the craniodental remains and tentatively allocate postcrania to taxa where we are able to. We then use these data to compare these specimens to fossil assemblages from contemporary sites, interpret their paleobiology, and discuss implications for the paleoecology of the Gona Sagantole Fm. We recognize three cercopithecid species in the Gona Sagantole Fm. Pliopapio alemui makes up approximately two-thirds of the identifiable specimens; nearly all of the rest are allocated to Kuseracolobus aramisi, and a single molar indicates the presence of a second, somewhat larger but morphologically distinct papionin. Among the Early Pliocene cercopithecids from Gona are also a number of postcranial elements. None of the postcranial remains are directly associated with any of the cranial material. Nonetheless, some of the distal humeri and proximal femora can be tentatively allocated to either Pl. alemui or K. aramisi based on a combination of size, as the latter is approximately 50% larger than the former, and morphology. If these assignments are correct, they suggest K. aramisi was primarily arboreal and similar to most extant colobines, whereas Pl. alemui was more mixed in its substrate use, being more terrestrially adapted than K. aramisi, but less so than extant Papio or Theropithecus. Thus, we interpret the predominance of Pl. alemui over K. aramisi is consistent with a somewhat more open environment at Gona than at Aramis. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords: Animals; Ardipithecus ramidus; Cercopithecidae; Ethiopia; Female; Fossils; Gona; Kuseracolobus; Life History Traits; Male; Paleobiology; Papio; Pliocene; Pliopapio; Primates; Theropithecus; anatomy and histology; animal; cranium; dentition; dept.ant; female; fossil; fossil assemblage; hominid; life history trait; male; paleobiology; paleoecology; peer-reviewed; physiology; qualitative analysis; taxonomy

Impact of enriched environment during adolescence on adult social behavior, hippocampal synaptic density and dopamine D2 receptor expression in rats - Gabriel, Paul; Mastracchio, Toni-Ann; Bordner, Kelly; Jeffrey, Rachel (Physiology & Behavior, 2020)
Environmental enrichment (EE) is one experimental manipulation that induces changes in the brain. However, it is important to distinguish between physical and social components of enrichment. To this end we established four groups of rats reared in different enriched environments during the adolescent period. Our results indicate heightened social memory and increased spine density in dentate gyrus specifically in socially enriched animals. Physical enrichment increased spine density in CA1. Dopamine D2 receptor expression in hippocampus was decreased across all enrichment conditions. Altogether, our results demonstrate differing effects of physical and social enrichment, supporting an important role for environment in synaptogenesis, behavior, and dopaminergic signaling. © 2020 The Authors
Keywords: Adolescence; Animals; Article; Dopamine; Environment; Environmental enrichment; Hippocampus; Memory; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Social Behavior; Social enrichment; Synapse density; animal; animal behavior; animal experiment; controlled study; dentate gyrus; dept.bio; dept.psy; dopamine 2 receptor; dopaminergic transmission; environment; environmental enrichment; female; hippocampal CA1 region; hippocampus; male; memory; nonhuman; peer-reviewed; priority journal; protein expression; rat; social behavior; spine; synapse; synaptogenesis

Temperate urchins clear space for corals - Grace, Sean P; Feehan, Colette (Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2020)
Keywords: Anthozoa; dept.bio; peer-reviewed

Narrative orphaned: When grief overwhelms - Green, Cheryl (Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 2021)
What is known on the subject?: The loss of a parent for an adult can be devastating and can impact other relationships. The adult, in absence of parental love and support, may question their own identity. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: A narrative is used to explain the adults’ experience of parental death and their new identity of being orphaned. What are the implications for practice?: Increased awareness for adults grieving the loss of a parent(s), as to the normalcy of feeling orphaned Adults grieving the death of a parent(s) are provided resources and support in addressing their grieving process. Abstract: Introduction When a parent dies during their child's adulthood, the life of the adult is altered as the familiarity of parental love and safety changes. The isolation and loneliness penetrates deeply as the orphaned adult must now navigate their world in absence of the most significant people in their lives, their parents. Aim To assist persons affected by parental death in understanding the normalcy of feeling orphaned while grieving. Method The use of a personal narrative to provide mental health support to others. Results The resumption of a routine that existed before parental death is possible, but takes time. Intermittent periods of grief can occur throughout one's life. Discussion When grief interrupts one's ability to function daily and the affected adult has relationships impacted by their parent's death, it is recommended that the adult seek mental health treatment. Implications for Practice Narratives can be used with persons affected by parental loss, to provide an example of normal versus complicated grieving and identify when mental health treatment is needed. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Keywords: Adaptation; Adult; Child; Emotions; Grief; Humans; Loneliness; Mental Health; Parents; Psychological; adult; child; child parent relation; coping behavior; dept.nur; emotion; grief; human; loneliness; mental health; peer-reviewed

Equity and diversity in nursing education - Green, Cheryl (Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 2020)
Retention and development of ethnically diverse nursing students may be more likely to occur when nursing faculty receive training on factors that can impact academic success. By understanding complex school system dynamics in low-income areas, cultural, linguistic, gender, age, religion, and ethnic differences, students’ strengths can be readily recognized, embraced, and encouraged by nursing faculty. When the necessity of equity and diversity is recognized within nursing education, this may potentially translate to retention and completion of nursing programs by nursing students from diverse backgrounds, thereby increasing diversity within the nursing profession. © 2020 Organization for Associate Degree Nursing
Keywords: Diversity; Equity; Nursing education; Nursing faculty; Nursing students; academic success; article; dept.nur; ethnic difference; female; gender; human; human experiment; lowest income group; male; nursing education; nursing student; occupation; peer-reviewed; religion

Should nursing be considered a STEM profession? - Green, Cheryl; John, Lori (Nursing Forum, 2020)
Background: The National Science and Technology Council developed a 5-year plan in 2013 to ensure that science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) experienced sustained growth within the United States (US). Nursing is comprised of multiple sciences that include chemistry, physics, biology, microbiology, anatomy and physiology, pharmacology, and the social and behavioral sciences of sociology, developmental lifespan psychology, and psychology. Science, technology, engineering, and math constitute the traditional STEM acronym. Nursing programs graduate nurses with both the rigorous academic coursework and diverse clinical skills necessary to provide patient care. These skills employed by nurses in the clinical setting can serve as the basis for the inclusion of the nursing profession as a STEM-designated profession by the federal government and educational institutions within the US. Problem: Currently, the US government does not acknowledge the profession of nursing as a STEM-designated profession. Acknowledgment of nursing as a STEM profession could potentially make more funding available for nursing education within the US and address nursing shortages both in clinical and academic settings. As well as position professional nurses for careers not only within the health sector but that of business and industry because of nurses’ STEM knowledge. Hence, enhancing the growth of STEM within the US and creating global market economic competitiveness with new innovation development. Approach: In the practice of nursing, nurses apply the sciences, math, and innovative technology in the assessments, diagnoses, and planning of patients’ care. Nurses implement scientifically-based interventions to treat illness and sustain human life and to ultimately evaluate the outcomes of the care provided to patients. Outcomes: Methodologies of evaluation of outcomes of patient care status post nursing interventions (ie, administration of intravenous antibiotics to treat pneumonia) are based upon rationales that have been derived from evidenced-based practice and nursing research; both originating from applied STEM knowledge. Conclusion: The formal designation by the US federal government, for nursing to be recognized as a STEM profession, can increase funding to the nursing profession and enhance the diversity of employment opportunities for nurses in industry and business. Thereby potentially decreasing nursing shortages and bringing national and worldwide recognition to nursing in both academia, industry, business, and clinical settings, as a profession contributing to the science of improvement of the health of all people through STEM knowledge. © 2019 The Authors. Nursing Forum published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Keywords: Humans; Professional Role; STEAM; STEM; Science; classification; dept.nur; education; health care; human; inclusion; innovation; nursing; professional standard; science

The role of ego threat in professional growth: Fulfilling the ethical intentions of the SEED Model - Gregory, Jess L.; Mebane, Karreem A. (Educational Practice and Theory, 2020)
Schools and education in general have made an implicit and, we would assert, explicit promise to society to educate all the children in their care. Unfortunately, there are achievement gaps that illustrate how schools have broken this promise. Teacher evaluation and other accountability measures have been heralded as the answer to this problem. Educator ego threat impedes the implementation of goal-driven teacher evaluation models and, thus, ethical questions arise. To realize the noble goals of educator evaluation, leaders must attend to ethical concerns and to the human aspects of ego threat.
Keywords: Educational leadership; Ego threat; Goal-setting models; Teacher evaluation; Teacher performance; dept.edl; dept.rec; peer-reviewed

The provision of patron services in Chinese academic libraries responding to the COVID-19 pandemic - Guo, Yajun; Yang, Zinan; Yang, Zhishun; Liu, Yan Quan; Bielefield, Arlene; Tharp, Gregory (Library Hi Tech, 2020)
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the measures employed in the provision of patron services in Chinese academic libraries responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, noting the challenges and issues inherent in providing substantial services while undergoing a public health emergency. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses an analytical survey study of 137 Chinese academic libraries using data collected through a combination of website investigation, social media access and direct correspondences. Findings: Over 94% of Chinese academic libraries released COVID-19-related information through their websites; the majority switched their service focus to partly or solely remotely online, including remote access, free electronic resources, virtual references reachable 24/7 and research support services deliverable online; services of print materials were altered to e-books for conveniences. Research limitations/implications: It should be noted that the survey was conducted from February 12 to April 5, 2020; because of the rapid updates to the library's website and social media channels, the status of their patron services are in the process of dynamic changes and that there should be many libraries that have adopted some patron service methods, but this study is difficult to cover comprehensively. In addition, patron services carried out offline by the surveyed libraries but not disclosed on the online platform could not be analyzed in a way that would be consistent with the data provided by the survey. Originality/value: By providing evidence of the current status of patron services in Chinese academic libraries during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study helps fulfill the scant empirical attention given to the impact of nationwide public health crises on academic libraries and offers new data of the best practices that help library administrators enhance the impact, efficiency and value of library services to their target community users. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Keywords: Academic libraries; COVID-19; China; Patron services; Survey; Virtual services; dept.ils; peer-reviewed

Using continuous student feedback to course-correct during COVID-19 for a nonmajors chemistry course - Hwang, Candy S. (Journal of Chemical Education, 2020)
The two major impetuses to improve STEM education are the shift to online learning and increasing active learning and engagement. Although the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a rapid shift to online learning, this shift came at the cost of losing on-ground active learning strategies. This study provides descriptive analytical information on the impact of COVID-19 as it relates to student engagement, attendance, and viewership of video-recorded lectures for a nonmajors chemistry course. After the shift online, lecture video views significantly increased and weekly attendance significantly decreased. Prior to the pandemic, on-ground engagement via an active learning activity (i.e., Plickers) was significantly associated with on-ground achievement (i.e., exam 1). However, no significant association was found between online engagement (i.e., written responses/feedback submitted via a learning management system, referred to as LMS student feedback) and online achievement (i.e., final exam), potentially because the engagement resembled a formative assessment more than an active learning activity. Nonetheless, there was tremendous value in soliciting LMS student feedback for directing the course. Throughout the online period, there was an average of 112 responses per assignment, for a total of 1,344 responses, representing roughly a third of the students. Finally, analyses revealed no significant association of on-ground and online engagement, which suggests a different subset of students engaged while on-ground vs online. Instructors should highly consider soliciting weekly feedback through low-stakes assignments to gauge student learning and improve their courses while online. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc.
Keywords: Distance Learning/Self Instruction; First-Year Undergraduate/General; Internet Web-Based Learning; Nonmajor Courses; dept.che; peer-reviewed

A preliminary investigation into collegiate student-athletes’ attitudes towards athletic trainers and sport psychology consultants - Ildefonso, Kenneth; Blanton, Jedediah; Durwin, Cheryl; Arvinen-Barrow, Monna; Kamphoff, Cindra (Journal of Sport, 2020)
To investigate if athletes’ attitudes toward athletic trainers and sport psychology consultants differ considering nature of athletic ability beliefs and previous experiences with these professionals; collegiate student-athletes (n = 114 male, n = 81 female, M age = 19.77, SD = 1.43) completed the Conceptions of the Nature of Athletic Ability Questionnaire-2 (Biddle, Wang, Chatzisarantis, & Spray, 2003), Attitudes Toward Athletic Trainers-Form (modified from the Attitudes toward Physiotherapist-Form; Arvinen-Barrow, Clement, & Bayes, 2012), and the Sport Psychology Attitudes Revised-Form (Martin, Kellman, Lavallee, & Page, 2002). Multiple analyses of variance revealed small statistically significant mean differences in attitudes considering ability beliefs, previous athletic training, and sport psychology experiences. Athletes with previous athletic training experience were less confident in their athletic trainer than those without such experience. In contrast, athletes with previous sport psychology experience were more confident in their consultant than those without such experiences. Results suggest athletes’ attitudes towards helping professionals may be partially influenced by subjective norms and expectations about the nature of such relationships.
Keywords: dept.psy; peer-reviewed

Genomic diversity of bacteriophages infecting Microbacterium spp. - Jacobs-Sera, Deborah; Abad, Lawrence A; Alvey, Richard M; Anders, Kirk R; Aull, Haley G; Bhalla, Suparna S; Blumer, Lawrence S; Bollivar, David W; Bonilla, J Alfred; Butela, Kristen A; Coomans, Roy J; Cresawn, Steven G; et al. (PloS one, 2020)
The bacteriophage population is vast, dynamic, old, and genetically diverse. The genomics of phages that infect bacterial hosts in the phylum Actinobacteria show them to not only be diverse but also pervasively mosaic, and replete with genes of unknown function. To further explore this broad group of bacteriophages, we describe here the isolation and genomic characterization of 116 phages that infect Microbacterium spp. Most of the phages are lytic, and can be grouped into twelve clusters according to their overall relatedness; seven of the phages are singletons with no close relatives. Genome sizes vary from 17.3 kbp to 97.7 kbp, and their G+C% content ranges from 51.4% to 71.4%, compared to ~67% for their Microbacterium hosts. The phages were isolated on five different Microbacterium species, but typically do not efficiently infect strains beyond the one on which they were isolated. These Microbacterium phages contain many novel features, including very large viral genes (13.5 kbp) and unusual fusions of structural proteins, including a fusion of VIP2 toxin and a MuF-like protein into a single gene. These phages and their genetic components such as integration systems, recombineering tools, and phage-mediated delivery systems, will be useful resources for advancing Microbacterium genetics.
Keywords: *Actinobacteria/vi [Virology]; *Bacteriophages/ge [Genetics]; *Genetic Variation; *Genome, Viral; Actinobacteria; Article; Bacteriophages; Bacteriophages/cl [Classification]; Bacteriophages/ip [Isolation & Purification]; Base Composition; DNA base composition; DNA, Viral; DNA, Viral/ge [Genetics]; Genes, Viral; Genetic Variation; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Microbacterium; MuF like protein; Phylogeny; VIP2 toxin; Viral Fusion Proteins; Viral Fusion Proteins/ge [Genetics]; bacterial genome; bacterial strain; bacterial toxin; bacteriophage; capsid protein; classification; comparative genomics; controlled study; dept.bio; fusion protein; gene sequence; genetic variability; genetic variation; genetics; genome size; genomics; isolation and purification; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; peer-reviewed; phylogeny; unclassified drug; virology; virus DNA; virus fusion protein; virus gene; virus genome; virus infection; virus isolation

"Train & Pool," “The Colonel Takes a Position," "Summer Almanac," "Cloud Study," "Light, A Reagent," Author's Statement: "Writing, For and To" - Johnson, Brian (Parhelion, 2020)
Keywords: dept.eng; ⛔ No DOI found

"Asides" and "Household" - Johnson, Brian (Court Green, 2020)
Keywords: dept.eng; ⛔ No DOI found

Maple Street, London (1915) - Johnson, Brian (The Ekphrastic Review, 2020)
Keywords: dept.eng; ⛔ No DOI found

Rhubarb Leaf - Johnson, Brian (great weather for MEDIA, 2020)
Keywords: dept.eng; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

Tour - Johnson, Brian (The Main Street Rag, 2020)
Keywords: dept.eng; ⛔ No DOI found

Book Review: Lisa M.Sullivan and SandroGaleo, eds. 2019. Teaching Public Health. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. $46.49. pp. 352. ISBN: 9781421429809. - Jung, Betty C. (World Medical & Health Policy, 2020)
Keywords: book review; book.review; dept.pch

Genetically modified crops’ environmental impact and trust in eco-labels - Kwak, Lynn E.; Yoon, Sang Won; Kim, Younjun (Australasian Marketing Journal, 2020)
The U.S. Department of Agriculture expects companies to disclose genetically modified (GM) ingredients in foods and beverages by January 2022. While food companies fear that the stigma of GM labels could cause GM food sales to decline, eco-labeling could lessen the impact of GM-labeling. The results of the present research indicate that neither the eco-labeling alone nor the eco-labeling accompanied by information about the environmental benefits of GM crops influence consumers’ willingness to buy. Based on the mediation analysis, however, trust of eco-labels mediates the relationship between GM foods’ environmental friendliness information and consumers’ willingness to buy eco-labeled GM food. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2020
Keywords: Eco-labeling; Genetically modified (GM) foods; Trust; Willingness to buy; dept.eco; dept.mkt; peer-reviewed

W. D. Howells, William James, and the pragmatist pluralism of “The Angel of the Lord” - Petrie, Paul (American Literary Realism, 2020)
Keywords: dept.eng

Domestic Product Involvement and Consumer Willingness to Buy Domestic Products: Empirical Testing of a Cognitive Consistency Theory Framework - Prince, Melvin (Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 2020)
This study investigates biases affecting domestic products willingness to buy (WTB). An interdisciplinary perspective uses the cognitive consistency theory as the framework for the development of a new model. The model includes domestic product involvement (DPI). The impact on WTB is predicted by consumer ethnocentrism, and product judgment, driven by DPI are tested with survey data from an adult sample of 255 UK consumers. The study concludes with observations about the value of research findings for marketing practice. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords: Cognitive consistency theory; consumer ethnocentrism; dept.mkt; domestic product involvement; peer-reviewed; product judgment; willingness to buy

Does the Netherlands-based consumer disidentification model work in the US? - Prince, Melvin; Kwak, Lynn (EMPGENS | Journal of Empirical Generalisations in Marketing Science, 2020)
Alexander Josiassen (2011) initiated research on the consumer disidentification (CDI) concept and its impact on product purchase behavior. In his investigation, a predictive model that included CDI as an exogeneous factor in domestic product preference was tested on adult second-generation immigrants who were born in, and lived in, the Netherlands. The model also incorporated consumer ethnocentrism (CET) as a second predictor variable. Josiassen's study showed that CDI negatively affected the purchase of products made domestically or by domestic firms. Conversely, CET was found to have a positive effect on the purchase of these products. Furthermore, relationships of CDI and CET to purchase intentions were independent of each other. In the Netherlands model, both variables were hypothesized to explain domestic product preference directly and indirectly through domestic product judgment. This paper replicates and assesses the generalizability of the CDI construct and model. Replication of the Netherland CDI model in the U.S. results in an acceptable measurement fit, but a slightly below acceptable structural fit. © 2020, University of South Australia. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Consumer disidentification; Cross-cultural; Domestic product preference; Ethnocentrism; Second-generation immigrants; dept.mkt; peer-reviewed; ⛔ No DOI found

The psychology of consumer ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism: a five-country study of values, moral foundations, gender identities and consumer orientations - Prince, Melvin; Yaprak, Attila; Cleveland, Mark; Davies, Mark A. P.; Josiassen, Alexander; Nechtelberger, Andrea; Nechtelberger, Martin; Palihawadana, Dayananda; Renner, Walter; Supekova, Sona Chovanova; Von Wallpach, Sylvia (International Marketing Review, 2020)
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which personal values, moral foundations and gender-role identities affect, in sequence, consumers' constructions of their ethnocentric and cosmopolitan orientations. Achieving a better understanding of the psychological makeup of consumer ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism should help managers better design international market segmentation and brand positioning strategies. Design/methodology/approach: The study's conceptual framework is anchored in attitude and values theories, and focuses on the social categorizations that consumers make and how these contribute to the formation of their ethnocentric and cosmopolitan orientations. Drawing data from consumers living in five European countries, we test our theoretical conjectures through structural equation modeling approaches, including multigroup analysis at the country level, as well as the identification and scrutiny of potential pan-European consumer segments. Findings: Findings show that personal values, moral foundations and gender-role identities do exert direct and indirect (partially mediated) effects on the formation of consumers' ethnocentric and cosmopolitan orientations. These provide numerous insights for managers in terms of how they can segment domestic and international markets, as well as how to position products and communicate brand strategies. Research limitations/implications: The study focused on consumers' personal and role identities and offers implications based on data gathered from a sample of five European countries. Future work should broaden this perspective by including other identity facets, such as religious and ethnic identities, as well as product-category and brand-specific outcomes, in order to help develop a more comprehensive picture of the psychology underpinning consumers' identity-related orientations, and their effects on consumer behavior. Future research should also study these issues in a broader geographical context, by including national markets that have culturally diverse populations as well as places with dissimilar cultural and economic profiles. Originality/value: The study shows that individuals' personal values, moral foundations and gender roles have a strong effect on the formation of consumer ethnocentrism and consumer cosmopolitanism orientations. Consideration of how these antecedent constructs operate in concert to shape consumers' in- versus out-group orientations has been overlooked in the international marketing literature. Beyond the ramifications for theory, the study offers numerous substantive managerial implications in terms of how consumers are likely to respond to local and global/foreign products/brands based on these orientations. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.
Keywords: Consumer cosmopolitanism; Consumer ethnocentrism; Gender role identity; International market segmentation; Moral foundations; Values; dept.mkt; peer-reviewed

Post-Graduation Impact of a Program Planning Service-Learning Project. - Risisky, Deb; Goldson, Tess; DeMezzo, Robert (Pedagog. health promot., 2020)
Research has shown that service-learning can increase student-learning outcomes across various disciplines. Service-learning opportunities have been steadily increasing in college settings, especially in health-related fields. This evaluation of an undergraduate public health course at a mid-size, public university in New England sought to understand the impact of service-learning on material retention, internships, and post-graduation public health careers. A 25-item questionnaire was emailed to students who took the course between the Fall 2010 and Spring 2016 semesters with 75 completed (33.3% completion rate). More than half of the respondents noted that their participation in a service-learning project positively affected their internship experience, their first post-graduation job, and their overall career, while also helping them retain the course material after graduation. Open-ended responses provided insight to the qualitative responses. Respondents noted that in addition to having the understanding and ability to put on programs in their community, they also had more confidence in their abilities. The opportunity to practice public speaking skills as well as work collaboratively in group settings, were both noted as essential skills needed to succeed in the public health workforce. It was concluded the project had a positive impact on student's learning and retention in planning, implementing, and evaluating an actual health promotion program as well as how they were able to use those skills in their careers., (C)2021Sage Publications
Keywords: dept.fye; dept.pch; dept.rslf; health education; peer-reviewed; program planning; service-learning

Co-occurrence of Acheulian and Oldowan artifacts with Homo erectus cranial fossils from Gona, Afar, Ethiopia. - Semaw, Sileshi; Rogers, Michael J; Simpson, Scott W; Levin, Naomi E; Quade, Jay; Dunbar, Nelia; McIntosh, William C; Caceres, Isabel; Stinchcomb, Gary E; Holloway, Ralph L; Brown, Francis H; Butler, Robert F; et al. (Science advances, 2020)
Although stone tools generally co-occur with early members of the genus Homo, they are rarely found in direct association with hominins. We report that both Acheulian and Oldowan artifacts and Homo erectus crania were found in close association at 1.26 million years (Ma) ago at Busidima North (BSN12), and ca. 1.6 to 1.5 Ma ago at Dana Aoule North (DAN5) archaeological sites at Gona, Afar, Ethiopia. The BSN12 partial cranium is robust and large, while the DAN5 cranium is smaller and more gracile, suggesting that H. erectus was probably a sexually dimorphic species. The evidence from Gona shows behavioral diversity and flexibility with a lengthy and concurrent use of both stone technologies by H. erectus, confounding a simple "single species/single technology" view of early Homo. Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).
Keywords: *Biological Evolution; *Fossils; *Hominidae; *Skull/ah [Anatomy & Histology]; Animals; Archaeological site; Behavioral diversity; Biodiversity; Biological Evolution; Co-occurrence; Ethiopia; Fossils; Hominidae; Hominidae/ah [Anatomy & Histology]; Hominidae/cl [Classification]; Hominins; Homo erectus; Humans; Paleontology; Single species; Skull; anatomy and histology; animal; classification; dept.ant; evolution; fossil; hominid; human; paleontology; peer-reviewed; skull

“The Goals Remain Elusive”: Using Drawings to Examine Shifts in Teachers’ Mental Models Before and After an NGSS Professional Learning Experience - Sherwood, Carrie-Anne (Journal of Science Teacher Education, 2020)
Teachers’ ability to effectively enact the ambitious vision of the NGSS depends on their understanding of the conceptual and instructional shifts required, and their interpretation of how to implement these shifts in their classrooms. Thus, understanding teachers’ practical knowledge regarding the shifts is an important step in supporting them to effectively implement the NGSS vision. This study used a mental models framework and teacher drawings to examine the practical knowledge of 22 in-service secondary science teachers before and after professional development that was designed to support them to understand and make incremental instructional shifts aligned with the NGSS. Findings indicate that teachers’ mental models shifted in two promising ways. First, teachers recognized that their roles and their students’ roles would need to change, and second, the doing of science looks and sounds different than what was traditionally done in their classrooms. However, findings also suggest that teachers struggled to reconcile new ideas from the PD with their previous mental models of their classroom practice. These findings are significant because they indicate, teachers may have more fully-formed mental models for what science teaching and learning looks and sounds like when it is focused on what most would traditionally think of as classroom science doing (e.g., “doing labs”), or when it includes traditional knowledge dissemination structures (e.g., lectures). This has important implications for science teacher educators and researchers, which will be discussed. © 2020, © 2020 Association for Science Teacher Education.
Keywords: NGSS; Science teacher education; dept.cur; mental models; peer-reviewed; professional development; teacher drawings; teacher practical knowledge

Synthesis and characterization of CuS, CuS/graphene oxide nanocomposite for supercapacitor applications - Singhal, Rahul; Thorne, David; LeMaire, Peter K.; Martinez, Xavier; Zhao, Chen; Gupta, Ram K.; Uhl, David; Scanley, Ellen; Broadbridge, Christine C.; Sharma, Rakesh K. (AIP Advances, 2020)
Supercapacitors or electrochemical capacitors are receiving greater interest because of their high-power density, long life, and low maintenance. We have synthesized CuS nanoparticles and graphene oxide (CuS-GO) nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications because of their low cost and excellent electrochemical properties. The phase purity of each material was determined using powder XRD studies. The bandgap was determined by UV-visible spectrophotometric studies. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images revealed the nano-scale morphology of the synthesized particles. All the electrochemical measurements were conducted in a standard three-electrode configuration, using a platinum wire as the counter electrode and Hg/HgO as the reference electrode. CuS and its composites with graphene oxide on nickel foam were used as working electrodes. All the electrochemical measurements were performed in 3M KOH solution. The CuS-GO nanocomposite electrode showed a specific capacitance of 250 F/g, 225 F/g, 182 F/g, 166 F/g, 161 F/g, and 158 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, 1 A/g, 5 A/g, 10 A/g, 15 A/g, and 20 A/g, respectively. CuS-GO electrodes showed a specific capacitance retention of 70% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 5 A/g. © 2020 Author(s).
Keywords: Capacitance; Charge-discharge cycle; Copper compounds; Electric discharges; Electrochemical capacitor; Electrochemical electrodes; Electrochemical measurements; Foams; Graphene; Mercury compounds; Nanocomposite electrodes; Nanocomposites; Potassium hydroxide; Scanning electron microscopy; Spectrophotometric study; Supercapacitor; Supercapacitor application; Synthesis (chemical); Synthesis and characterizations; Transmission electron; Transmission electron microscopy; dept.phy; peer-reviewed

Lessons learned from COVID-19: Being known in online social work classrooms - Smoyer, Amy B; O’Brien, Kyle; Rodriguez-Keyes, Elizabeth (International Social Work, 2020)
This article presents findings from a survey of undergraduate social work (Bachelor of Social Work [BSW]) students about their experiences with remote learning during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this crisis, remote learning was rapidly implemented and many BSW educators and students experienced online classrooms for the first time. Findings from this study shed light on how remote learning shapes the interpersonal relationships and communication that are so critical to building students’ sense of classroom belonging, engagement, and learning.
Keywords: dept.hls; dept.rec; dept.swk; peer-reviewed

Thinkubator Approach to Solving the Soft Skills Gap - Stewart, Carol; Marciniec, Sheryl; Lawrence, Denval; Joyner-McGraw, Laquita (American Journal of Management, 2020)
Keywords: dept.mgt; peer-reviewed

“When the hell are you going to grow up?”: a life-course account of hybrid masculinities among incarcerated men - Umamaheswar, Janani (Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 2020)
Purpose: Recent life-course scholarship has argued that desistance from (rather than persistence in) crime is a marker of adulthood. In this article, I argue that a commitment to desistance is only one of many elements of the participants’ sense of adult masculinity, which is best understood by drawing on theoretical literature on “hybrid masculinities.” By linking life-course criminological literature with recent theoretical advancements in the sociology of gender, I connect two important, but as yet independent, strands of research. Methods: Using the grounded theory approach to qualitative research, I performed inductive analyses of 24 in-depth interviews with adult men incarcerated at a state-run facility in the Northeastern USA. Results: I argue that the participants construct hybrid masculinities that combine conventionally masculine traits (such as being a provider and protector) with conventionally feminine traits (such as loyalty, humility, and emotional expressiveness). These hybrid masculinities manifest through the participants’ reliance on intangible markers of adulthood, and they emerge gradually over the men’s life course. I further argue that the disruptions that incarceration poses to the men’s life course impede their ability to realize their hybrid masculinities fully. Conclusion: The current research contributes to the burgeoning literature that attempts to correct the oversimplified portrayal of incarcerated men as singularly hypermasculine, and it also highlights how incarceration disrupts men’s life course, making it difficult for them to be the “hybrid” men that they wish to be. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Keywords: Hybrid masculinity; Incarceration; Masculinity; Prison; The life course; dept.soc; peer-reviewed

A Self-Determination Approach to Understanding Individual Values as an Interaction Condition on Employees' Innovative Work Behavior in the High-Tech Industry - Wang, Zheni; Gao, Mengchan; Panaccio, Alexandra (Journal of Creative Behavior, 2021)
Drawing on self-determination theory (SDT; E.L. Deci & R.M. Ryan, 1985, 2000) and using corporate samples (N = 284; 63% Male; Mean Age = 34, SD = 6.09) from high-tech firms in China, this empirical study explored the path model from satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, through autonomous motivation to employees' innovative work behavior (“IWB”; J. De Jong & D. Den Hartog, 2010). It also simultaneously examined the interactions between autonomous work motivation and individual values (collectivism, H.C. Triandis (1995); uncertainty avoidance, R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman, & V. Gupta (2004); and power distance, J. Farh, R.D. Hackett, & J. Liang (2007)) in the conditioned path model. The regression results obtained from conditional PROCESS analysis (A.F. Hayes, 2013, 2018) suggest that basic psychological needs satisfaction is positively related to employees' IWB via autonomous motivation, but that these indirect effects were weaker when employees' power distance value orientation was high. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed. © 2020 by the Creative Education Foundation, Inc.
Keywords: dept.mgt; peer-reviewed

Learning from others: A low‐cost–high‐impact risk/opportunity identification technique - Williams, Brendan E.; Williams, Anne S.; Williams, Katherine M. (Journal of Healthcare Risk Management, 2020)
Keywords: dept.mat; peer-reviewed

How to easily facilitate consumers’ mental simulation through advertising: the effectiveness of self-referencing image dynamics on purchase intention - Yim, Mark Yi-Cheon; Kim, Young K.; Lee, JeongGyu (International Journal of Advertising, 2020)
Keywords: dept.mkt; peer-reviewed

‘Is it wise to open up America again now?’ Learning from government responses to COVID-19 and economy reopen points in three Asia-Pacific countries - Yu, Jia; Pang, Yulei (British Journal of Healthcare Management, 2020)
With the continuously increasing number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases, many health experts worried about the possibility of a ‘second wave’ outbreak, which might cause more deaths and hit economies even worse. This article looks at the experiences of fighting COVID-19 from three Asia-Pacific countries and discusses whether it is a wise decision to open up America again at this time.
Keywords: dept.eco; dept.mat; peer-reviewed

Local RR Lyrae stars: native and alien - Zinn, R; Chen, X; Layden, A C; Casetti-Dinescu, D I (Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2020)
Measurements of [Fe/H] and radial velocity are presented for 89 RR Lyrae (RRL) candidates within 6 kpc of the Sun. After the removal of two suspected non-RRLs, these stars were added to an existing data base, which yielded 464 RRLs with [Fe/H] on a homogeneous scale. Using data from the Gaia satellite (Data Release 2), we calculated the positions and space velocities for this sample. These data confirm the existence of a thin disc of RRL with [α/Fe] ∼ solar. The majority of the halo RRLs with large total energies have near-zero angular momenta about the Z-axis. Kinematically, these stars closely resemble the Gaia-Sausage/Gaia-Enceladus stars that others have proposed are debris from the merger of a large galaxy with the Milky Way. The metallicity and period distributions of the RRLs and their positions in the period-amplitude diagram suggest that this disrupted galaxy was as massive as the Large Magellanic Cloud and possibly greater. © 2019 The Author(s)
Keywords: Dynamics; Galaxy: formation; Galaxy: kinematics; Stars: variables: RR Lyrae; dept.phy; peer-reviewed

The everything else - Smoyer, Amy B. (Sensory Penalities, 2021)
Sensory Penalties aims to reinvigorate a conversation about the role of sensory experience in empirical investigation. It explores the visceral, personal reflections buried within forgotten criminological field notes, to ask what privileging these sensorial experiences does for how we understand and research spaces of punishment and social control.
Keywords: dept.swk

Ping-pong housing: Women’s post-incarceration trajectories - Smoyer, Amy B; Keene, Danya E; Oyola, M.; Hampton, A (Affilia, 2020)
This study examines the post-incarceration housing experiences of 33 women. Using Residential Timeline Followback methodology, participants were asked to report where they lived at arrest and every location since their release. Follow-up questions asked women to describe these locations, who they lived with, how much they paid, and whether or not they felt safe. Demographic information and criminal justice history were recorded. The data paint a complicated picture of social and community resources, persistence, and struggle. Housing assets lost at incarceration were difficult to recover. Most women bounced between various locations, relying heavily on short-term subsidized congregate housing programs and rarely securing independent housing. Participants described the family, friends, and acquaintances who housed them during reentry as overextended and vulnerable. Implications for policy and practice are explored. © The Author(s) 2020.
Keywords: dept.swk; peer-reviewed

“When my mother died, I think a part of me died:” maternal fusion and the relationship between incarcerated men and their mothers - Umamaheswar, J. (Journal of Family Issues, 2021)
Drawing on theoretical literature on the mothering discourse, I explore how incarcerated men give meaning to their relationships with their mothers. Using 24 in-depth interviews with incarcerated adult men, I argue that adherence to the mothering discourse results in sons holding their mothers’ maternal practices to impossibly high standards while simultaneously feeling obligated to reconcile with their mothers even when doing so is tremendously difficult. I also advance the concept of “maternal fusion”—the process through which the identities of mothers and their children are intertwined—to examine how incarcerated adult sons reproduce gendered mothering ideologies in their narratives of (a) negative early childhood and adolescent relationships with their mothers and (b) reconciliation as they reflect on their relationships with their mothers as adult sons.
Keywords: adolescent; adult; article; child; childhood; dept.soc; dept.swk; drawing; female; human; human experiment; ideology; incarceration; infant; interview; male; maternal fusion; mother; mothering; mothering discourse; narrative; peer-reviewed; theoretical study

Core dimensions of autism spectrum disorders - Volkmar, Fred R.; Jackson, Scott L.J. (New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 2020)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests during the early developmental period of childhood. Behaviourally characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, in combination with stereotyped and restricted patterns of behaviour and/or interest, it is currently believed that ASD occurs in approximately 1–2% of individuals. ASD is more prevalent among males than females (4–5:1), but the mechanisms resulting in this discrepancy are still unclear. This chapter will serve as an introduction to ASD, covering the topics of disorder history, prevalence rates, demographics, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and discussions on current and future diagnostic classification systems. The remaining chapters within Section 4 will then provide detailed discussions on more specific topics related to ASD, including current understandings of treatment planning, prevention and epidemiology, genetics, imaging, and disorder management.
Keywords: dept.sed

Tick-borne illness - Borgognone, Kristen (School nurse resource manual: A guide to practice, 2020)
.SCHOOL NURSE RESOURCE MANUAL NINTH EDITION EVIDENCED-BASED POLICIES and PROCEDURES for SAFE STUDENT CARE. The School Nurse Resource Manual was created for school nurses as a quick reference on the many issues they encounter in their practice, and to assist them, their administrators and consulting physicians to develop consistent evidenced-based policies and procedures for safe student care. This ninth edition contains clinical guidelines that have been completely updated, expanded and revised to reflect current clinical guidelines for safe student care. ALL GUIDELINES ARE RESEARCHED, REFERENCED AND PEER REVIEWED.
Keywords: dept.nur

Tracheostomy care - Borgognone, Kristen (School nurse resource manual: A guide to practice, 2020)
.SCHOOL NURSE RESOURCE MANUAL NINTH EDITION EVIDENCED-BASED POLICIES and PROCEDURES for SAFE STUDENT CARE. The School Nurse Resource Manual was created for school nurses as a quick reference on the many issues they encounter in their practice, and to assist them, their administrators and consulting physicians to develop consistent evidenced-based policies and procedures for safe student care. This ninth edition contains clinical guidelines that have been completely updated, expanded and revised to reflect current clinical guidelines for safe student care. ALL GUIDELINES ARE RESEARCHED, REFERENCED AND PEER REVIEWED.
Keywords: dept.nur