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Through the analysis of a hosted dinner, crane-meat, its preparation, and a lover's ultimatum the article shows that in Chichibio's novella (Decameron VI,4) there is more at play than just the lies, wit, and cunning that a Venetian cook relies on as survival mode. In fact, the roasted crane-leg stolen by the cook for his lover upends the established social and cultural order that Currado Gianfigliazzi exemplifies. Pruning away at established norms while depicting a servant who projects self-confidence, shrewdness, and the ability to adjust to contingencies, Boccaccio's tale demonstrates that Chichibio's (and his lover's) personal fulfillment rests neither on prides nor privileges, but on their ability to envision and seize what lies beyond the norms.

This article focuses on the complex interaction between trade and the environment. The first section reviews the debate among scholars on the environmental effects of trade. Next the article examines the role of the World Trade Organization and how its decisions have impacted the environment. This is followed by a discussion of climate change and its connection to trade. Finally, the article examines multilateral efforts to govern trade and control its environmental consequences as well as to encourage sustainable development. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

SHAPE America (2021) contends the use of physical activity used as punishment and/or behavior management as an inappropriate practice. The position statement acknowledges both the administration and withholding of physical activity as punishment, however, this paper focuses on the use of exercise as punishment (EAP) in physical education settings. While deemed inappropriate, the use of EAP is still happening today (Barney et al., 2016). The purpose of this viewpoint paper is to encourage appropriate pedagogies and practices while increasing awareness of national recommendations. Strategies for advocacy efforts are discussed.

This study presents an original model that features the emotion of fear of COVID-19 as a direct effect on vaccination intentions. A central research question addressed in the study is what roles do the emotion of fear of contracting COVID-19 and the threat posed by uptake of the COVID-19 vaccination play in levels of vaccination intention? The study used a structural equation model (SEM) and applied the SmartPLS 3.2.6 data analysis tool for model estimation and multivariate analysis variables. A key finding is that vaccination resistance is strongest when fear of COVID-19 is lower, and vaccination threat higher. Vaccination threat appraisal and vaccination intention were found to have a negative relationship. Response costs at higher levels lessen motivation for COVID-19 vaccination. Research implications include research-based targeting of differing segments by their primary fear, either fear of COVID-19 or of the preventative vaccine.

The use of Critical Race Theory, Photovoice, and Community-Based Participatory Research has helped uncover the root causes of issues such as systemic racism in the fields of public health and health promotion. Often, we see studies using traditional research methods to investigate potential causal factors of disparities in minoritized communities report only quantitative data. While these data are imperative for understanding the severity of disparities, quantitative-only approaches cannot address nor can they improve the critical root causes of these disparities. As a team of BIPOC graduate students in public health, we conducted a community-based participatory research project using Photovoice methodology to explore inequities in Black and Brown communities exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participatory nature of this research revealed cumulative challenges across the social determinants of health in New Haven and Bridgeport, Connecticut. It allowed us to engage in local-level advocacy to promote health equity as our findings illuminated the need for community-led and community-engaged action. Health and racial inequities cannot be effectively addressed if public health research and programming do not collaborate with the community to build community capacity, empowerment, and trust. We describe our experiences doing community-based participatory research to investigate inequities and provide reflections on their value for public health students. As responses to health inequities and disparities become more politically polarized in the United States, it is critical for public health and health education students to use research methodologies that elevate communities that have been historically marginalized and neglected. Together, we can catalyze equitable change.

We introduce the notion of residual intersections of modules and prove their existence. We show that projective dimension one modules have Cohen-Macaulay residual intersections, namely they satisfy the relevant Artin-Nagata property. We then establish a formula for the core of orientable modules satisfying certain homological conditions, extending previous results of Corso, Polini, and Ulrich on the core of projective one modules. Finally, we provide examples of classes of modules that satisfy our assumptions.

An examination of the lessons learned from William James’s oration on the dedication of the Civil War Monument memorialization Colonel Robert Shaw and the Fifty-Fourth Regiment Massachusetts Infantry, an all-Black unit. The role of monuments in making visible the values of a society is explored in the context of promoting a nation’s historical narrative, in particular in their propagation of the South’s Lost Cause narrative. The genocidal violence against Armenians in the Caucasus by the Azerbaijani regime serves as the second illustration of the abuse of historical narratives. © 2022 Central European Pragmatist Forum. All rights reserved.

With the increasing use of AI in marketing, ethical repercussions are beginning to emerge. From privacy issues, through discrimination of marginalized groups, to emergent systemic social distortions, AI is changing the marketing ethical landscape. In this paper we conduct a structured literature review of the emerging ethical issues posed by AI in the domains of marketing and consumer behavior. We identify three clusters of ethical issues (algorithm, society and existential) and map these to the marketing domains of systems, brands, and consumers. We conclude that the field of ethical marketing AI is still very much in its infancy, but such is the rate of development ethical marketing AI is likely to become an important field for academics and practitioners alike. © 2023 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.

Importance: Ayres Sensory Integration® (ASI) is commonly used with children on the autism spectrum to promote sensory processing and improved occupational performance, including play. To date, there has been no explicit effort to examine improvements in playfulness through ASI.Objective: To explore whether ASI, coupled with parent training, improves child playfulness and fathers’ support of child playfulness.Design: Single-subject A–B–BC design secondary analysis of a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline study.Setting: Occupational therapy clinic.Participants: Three father–child dyads; children were ages 3 to 6 yr, with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and documented sensory processing concerns.Intervention: After a baseline phase, each child received at least 24 sessions of ASI, and fathers received parent training focusing on sensory processing issues and play via an online presentation.Outcomes and Measures: The Parent/Caregiver’s Support of Children’s Playfulness and the Test of Playfulness.Results: Visual analysis of the baseline phase, ASI phase, and ASI with parent training phase shows that all 3 fathers demonstrated an increase in the way they supported their child’s playfulness; however, this change was not maintained. Children’s playfulness fluctuated, reaching a peak after fathers received training, but none of the children maintained that change.Conclusions and Relevance: Additional support by the therapist is required for fathers to learn and use new strategies to promote consistent change in child playfulness during play. Pilot data can be used to inform future studies.What This Article Adds: Occupation- and family-centered frameworks may be useful in guiding practice when working with families of children with ASD.

We report the measurement of K*0 meson at midrapidity (|y|< 1.0) in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV collected by the STAR experiment during the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) beam energy scan program. The transverse momentum spectra, yield, and average transverse momentum of K*0 are presented as functions of collision centrality and beam energy. The K*0/K yield ratios are presented for different collision centrality intervals and beam energies. The K*0/K ratio in heavy-ion collisions are observed to be smaller than that in small-system collisions (e+e and p+p). The K*0/K ratio follows a similar centrality dependence to that observed in previous RHIC and Large Hadron Collider measurements. The data favor the scenario of the dominance of hadronic rescattering over regeneration for K*0 production in the hadronic phase of the medium.

Vineyards in the Southeastern New England American Viticultural Area were surveyed for the incidence of seven major viruses: grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, and GLRaV-4), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), and tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV). Viruses were detected by DAS-ELISA and confirmed by RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Multiple viruses were present in 19 out of the 25 vineyards surveyed between 2018 and 2020. GLRaV-3 (27.59%) was the most prevalent virus followed by GLRaV-4 (14.90%), GLRaV-1 (13.52%), GLRaV-2 (11.03%), ToRSV (6.34%), GFLV (5.24%), and TRSV (2.62%). Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of the viral partial genome sequences acquired in this study revealed that the grapevine viruses present in this area are diverse, indicating that they may have been introduced from different sources. Our findings stress the need for improving the sanitary status of planting materials to avoid the introduction and dissemination of viruses to vineyards in this important wine-producing region of New England.

Motivation for physical activity and sedentary behaviors (e.g., desires, urges, wants, cravings) varies from moment to moment. According to the WANT model, these motivation states may be affectively-charged (e.g., felt as tension), particularly after periods of maximal exercise or extended rest. The purpose of this study was to examine postulates of the WANT model utilizing a mixed-methods approach. We hypothesized that: (1) qualitative evidence would emerge from interviews to support this model, and (2) motivation states would quantitatively change over the course of an interview period. Seventeen undergraduate students (mean age = 18.6y, 13 women) engaged in focus groups where 12 structured questions were presented. Participants completed the “right now” version of the CRAVE scale before and after interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed with content analysis. A total of 410 unique lower-order themes were classified and grouped into 43 higher order themes (HOTs). From HOTs, six super higher order themes (SHOTs) were designated: (1) wants and aversions, (2) change and stability, (3) autonomy and automaticity, (4) objectives and impulses, (5) restraining and propelling forces, and (6) stress and boredom. Participants stated that they experienced desires to move and rest, including during the interview, but these states changed rapidly and varied both randomly as well as systematically across periods of minutes to months. Some also described a total absence of desire or even aversion to move and rest. Of note, strong urges and cravings for movement, typically from conditions of deprivation (e.g., sudden withdrawal from exercise training) were associated with physical and mental manifestations, such as fidgeting and feeling restless. Urges were often consummated with behavior (e.g., exercise sessions, naps), which commonly resulted in satiation and subsequent drop in desire. Importantly, stress was frequently described as both an inhibitor and instigator of motivation states. CRAVE-Move increased pre-to-post interviews (p < .01). CRAVE-Rest demonstrated a trend to decline (p = .057). Overall, qualitative and quantitative data largely corroborated postulates of the WANT model, demonstrating that people experience wants and cravings to move and rest, and that these states appear to fluctuate significantly, especially in the context of stress, boredom, satiety, and deprivation.

We report on measurements of sequential Υ suppression in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) through both the dielectron and dimuon decay channels. In the 0%–60% centrality class, the nuclear modification factors (RAA), which quantify the level of yield suppression in heavy-ion collisions compared to p+p collisions, for Υ(1S) and Υ(2S) are 0.40±0.03(stat)±0.03(sys)±0.09(norm) and 0.26±0.08(stat)±0.02(sys)±0.06(norm), respectively, while the upper limit of the Υ(3S) RAA is 0.17 at a 95% confidence level. This provides experimental evidence that the Υ(3S) is significantly more suppressed than the Υ(1S) at RHIC. The level of suppression for Υ(1S) is comparable to that observed at the much higher collision energy at the Large Hadron Collider. These results point to the creation of a medium at RHIC whose temperature is sufficiently high to strongly suppress excited Υ states.

Background. Food insecurity, affecting approximately 10% of the U.S. population, with up to 40% or higher in some communities, is associated with higher rates of chronic conditions and inversely associated with diet quality. Nutrition interventions implemented at food pantries are an effective strategy to increase healthy food choices and improve health outcomes for people experiencing food and nutrition insecurity. Supporting Wellness at Pantries (SWAP), a stoplight nutrition ranking system, can facilitate healthy food procurement and distribution at pantries. Purpose. Guided by the RE-AIM Framework, this study assesses the implementation and outcomes of SWAP as nutritional guidance and institutional policy intervention, to increase procurement and distribution of healthy foods in pantries. Method. Mixed-methods evaluation included observations, process forms, and in-depth interviews. Food inventory assessments were conducted at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Results. Two large pantries in New Haven, Connecticut, collectively reaching more than 12,200 individuals yearly, implemented SWAP in 2019. Implementation was consistent prepandemic at both pantries. Due to COVID-mandated distribution changes, pantries adapted SWAP implementation during the pandemic while still maintaining the ?spirit of SWAP.? One pantry increased the percentage of Green foods offered. Challenges to healthy food distribution are considered. Discussion. This study has implications for policy, systems, and environmental changes. It shows the potential for SWAP adoption at pantries, which can serve as a guide for continued healthy food procurement and advocacy. Maintaining the ?spirit of SWAP? shows promising results for food pantries looking to implement nutrition interventions when standard practice may not be possible.

Measurement of students’ peer assessment motivation is critical to understand how they participate in such activities in higher education. The current study was conducted to develop and validate a brief scale that measures student peer assessment motivation in higher education using the Expectancy-Value Theory (EVT). Initial items were developed, revised, and administered to 369 students. Exploratory factor analyses suggested a three-factor model structure (ability belief, expectancy, and task value) aligning with EVT. Confirmatory factor analyses (n = 399) supported a higher-order factor structure with the three first-order factors (i.e. ability belief, expectancy, and task value) with a decent model fit. The 20-items Peer Assessment Motivation Scale (PAMS) had decent internal reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity, suggesting that it is a high-quality measure. This scale is beneficial for instructors and researchers who are interested in investigating peer assessment motivation in higher education.

This investigation assessed the effect of side-lying position on infant oropharyngeal swallow physiology. Infant modified barium swallow studies (MBS) recordings were retrospectively examined in matched-pairs comparing at-risk infants swallowing in both an upright/cradled position and a side-lying position. Swallow parameters were measured independently and through a consensus coding approach. Infants fed in side-lying position showed a decrease in airway invasion severity as compared with when those same infants were fed in an upright/cradled position (P = .009). Bolus location at the time of swallow initiation was higher when infants were fed in side-lying position as compared with cradle position (P = .024), representing decreased risk of airway invasion. Infants fed in side-lying position demonstrated fewer swallows per breaths (P = .032). This pilot study validates the need for additional research to further define the mechanisms related to this improvement, and to determine how diagnosis and medical stability moderate these findings.