Autism spectrum disorders

This article addresses advances in the definition, diagnosis, and clinical features of ASD particularly as they affect adolescents. While advances in early diagnosis and treatment of autism have led to substantial improvements in outcomes (e.g., significantly higher levels of personal self-sufficiency and independence), challenges for adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) remain. Persistent social-communication abilities and intellectual disabilities can hamper prospects of future employment and increase risk for psychopathology including depression and mood disorder and issues surrounding gender identity. Biological issues emerge, as well, for many adolescents with ASD such as increased risk for seizure disorder. In comparison to the literature on preschool and school age children, the research base is much more limited for adolescents, and studies are needed to identify effective, evidence-based, intervention strategies for this population. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved.